高一英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
冀同學(xué),加加油啊
高一英語期末考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
黑色部分為易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
模塊一
重要詞匯拓展
1achievementn.成就,功績→achievev.達(dá)到,完成,實(shí)現(xiàn)2welfaren福利事業(yè),福利
3.projectn.方案,計(jì)劃,,設(shè)計(jì),工程,企業(yè),事業(yè),科研項(xiàng)目;課外自修項(xiàng)目vi.①伸出,突出②設(shè)想自已處身于(into)
4.specialistn.專家,專業(yè)工作者→specialadj.特殊的,專門的→specializevi.專攻,專門從事5.connectionn.連接,關(guān)系→connectv.連接6.conditionn.狀況(不可數(shù)),條件(可數(shù)),環(huán)境(復(fù)數(shù))
onnocondition決不
7.organizationn.組織,機(jī)構(gòu),團(tuán)體organizevt.組織;籌備,成立;使加入工會(huì),使有條理8.behavev.舉止,表現(xiàn)→behaviorn.行為,舉止(可數(shù)名詞)9.shaden.陰涼處v.遮住光線intheshadeof在。。。庇護(hù)下
10.▲worthwhileadj.值得的,值得做的Itisworthwhiledoingsth./todosth.
worthadj.值……,值得……beworthdoingworthyadj.值得做的,可尊敬的beworthyofsth/beingdonebeworthytobedone
11.observev.觀察,觀測,遵守→observationn.觀察,觀測12.respectv./n.尊敬,尊重,敬意→respectableadj.值得尊敬的,正派的,體面地→respectfuladj.有禮貌的,恭敬的
13.argue.v.爭論,辯論→argumentn.爭論,辯論argued-adj引起爭論的
14.entertainment-n款待,娛樂entertain-v款待;招待,娛樂,抱有,懷著(想法、疑問)15.crowdn.人群,觀眾v.擠滿,使擁擠→crowdedadj.擁擠的
16.inspirev.鼓舞,激發(fā)→inspiredadj.受到鼓舞的,有靈感的→inspiringadj.鼓舞人的
→inspirationn.鼓舞,靈感inspiresbtodosth激勵(lì)某人做某事
17supportv.支持,擁護(hù)→supportern.支持者,擁護(hù)者18.refer-vi談到,查閱,參考
19.intendv.計(jì)劃,打算→intentionn.打算,目的,意圖intendtodo/doingsth打算做某事20.considerateadj.考慮周到的→considerv.考慮,認(rèn)為→considerationn考慮,體諒→consideringprep考慮到
21.kindadj仁慈的,和善的,友愛的kindnessn仁慈,好意,善良22.deliverv.遞送,生(小孩),接生,發(fā)表(演講等)→deliveryn.投遞,交貨,分娩23.modestadj謙虛的,謙讓的,適度的
重點(diǎn)短語梳理
1devote…to(doing)sth.把…奉獻(xiàn)給devoteoneselfto致力于,獻(xiàn)身于bedevotedto專心致志于
2humanbeings人類
3moveoff離開,啟程,出發(fā)
冀同學(xué),加加油啊
4leada…life過著……的生活
5crowdin涌上心頭,涌入腦海6lookdownon/upon蔑視,瞧不起
7referto查閱,參考,談到(其中,to為介詞)8bychance碰巧,湊巧
9.comeacross偶遇,碰見
10.carryon繼續(xù),堅(jiān)持carryout實(shí)行,執(zhí)行,完成11.bedressedin穿著…dressas打扮成…12.fightfor為….而戰(zhàn)fightagainst與…戰(zhàn)斗13.puttodeath判死刑14.concernoneselfwith…關(guān)注…注意…15.intendtodosth./doingsth.打算做某事16.intheshadeof在…的樹蔭下,在…的庇護(hù)下17.gaindoctor’sdegree獲得博士學(xué)位18.beconsideredas被看做….
19.taketurnstodosth采取步驟做某事20.doresearchon…做…方面的研究
21.meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味著22.bynow直到現(xiàn)在
模塊2
重要詞匯拓展
1sunburnv.日曬,曬黑→sunburntadj.曬黑的
2strugglev./n.掙扎,奮斗,努力struggleagainst與…作斗爭strugglefor為…作斗爭strugglewith
3decaden.十年,十年期
4supern.冗員,額外人員;[口]特級(jí)品,特大號(hào)商品;超級(jí)市場adj特級(jí)的,極好的,非凡的5.hungern.饑餓,渴望/v.使饑餓→hungryadj.饑餓的;渴望的6.outputn.產(chǎn)量,輸出,input輸入,消費(fèi)
7.disturbingadj引起煩惱的,令人不安的,disturbv.打擾,麻煩8.expandvt.擴(kuò)大,擴(kuò)展,張開,使發(fā),詳談;引伸9.circulatev.循環(huán),流通→circulationn.循環(huán),流傳10.battlen.戰(zhàn)役,戰(zhàn)斗v.搏斗,奮斗11.thereforeadv.因此,所以12.ridvt擺脫,除去
13.freedomn自由,自主→freeadj自由的,免費(fèi)的14.equipv.配備,裝備→equipmentn.設(shè)備
15.exportv.輸出,出口n.輸出(品)→importv.輸入,進(jìn)口n.進(jìn)口(品)16.nationalityn國籍,nationaladj國家的,民族的nationn.國家
17.occupationn工作,職業(yè),占領(lǐng)occupyv.占用,使從事,把注意力集中于...占領(lǐng),占據(jù)18.confusev.使迷惑,使為難→confusedadj.感到迷惑的confusingadj.令人迷惑的19regretv./n.后悔,遺憾→regretfuladj.后悔的,遺憾的
20.productionn.生產(chǎn),制造,productive可生產(chǎn)的,可制造的,producev生產(chǎn),制造
冀同學(xué),加加油啊
21.discoveryn.發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)覺,discover-v發(fā)現(xiàn),22.focusv.集中,聚焦,n焦點(diǎn),中心點(diǎn)
23.reducev.減少,縮減→reductionn.減少,縮減24commentn./v.評(píng)論,議論
重點(diǎn)短語梳理
1ifnot如果不….Ifso如果這樣,
2.consideroneselfsth自認(rèn)為是…considersbsth認(rèn)為某人是…3.sincethen從那時(shí)起
4.searchforawaytodosth尋找做某事的途徑。5.thanksto幸虧,由于,因?yàn)椋╰o為介詞)6.rid…of…擺脫,除去getridof除去…7.besatisfiedwith對(duì)……感到滿意
8wouldratherdothando寧愿,寧可…也不…=woulddoratherthando9withthehopeof滿懷希望..10.insomeway在某種程度上
11.causedamageto對(duì)…造成危害。12.buildup增強(qiáng),強(qiáng)大
13.leadto導(dǎo)致,造成(to為介詞)
14.focuson集中(注意力、精力等)于
15.keep…from/of使……免受(影響、傷害等)
模塊3
重要詞匯拓展
1humourn.幽默→humorousadj.幽默的
2contentadj.滿足的,滿意的n.滿足;內(nèi)容v.使?jié)M足
3performern.表演者,演出者→performv.表演;做,履行,執(zhí)行→performancen.表演,履行4astonishv.使驚訝→astonishingadj.令人驚訝的astonishedadj.感到驚訝的5fortunateadj.幸運(yùn)的→fortunev.幸運(yùn),運(yùn)氣→fortunatelyadv.幸運(yùn)地→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地6depressedadj.憂傷的,抑郁的,消沉的,蕭條的depress-v使消沉,使沮喪,愁苦,使貶值,7.ordinaryadj.平常的,普通的
8.boredadj.厭煩的→borev.使厭煩→boringadj.令人厭煩的
9.entertainv.使歡樂,款待→entertainmentn.款待;娛樂,消遣10.throughoutprep.遍及,貫穿adv.到處,始終,全部11.homelessadj無家可歸的,
12.wornadj用舊的,用壞的,破爛的13.overcomev.戰(zhàn)勝,克服
14.convincev.使信服→convincingadj.令人信服的→convincedadj.相信的,信服的
15.directv.導(dǎo)演,指示,指揮adj.直的,直接的→directorn.導(dǎo)演,指揮→directlyadv.直地,
直接地→directionn.指導(dǎo),方向
16.enjoymentn享樂,歡樂,樂趣
17.outstandingadj.突出的,杰出的,顯著的
18.particularadj.特殊的,特別的→particularlyadv.特殊地,特別地
冀同學(xué),加加油啊
19occasionn.時(shí)刻,場合→occasionaladj.偶爾的,臨時(shí)的→occasionallyadv.偶爾地,有時(shí)地20.slidev./n.滑動(dòng),滑行
21.amusev.使發(fā)笑,使愉快→amusedadj.愉快的→amusingadj.逗人發(fā)笑的,令人愉快的→amusementn.愉快,快樂22.whisperv./n.耳語,低聲說
23、reactv.做出反應(yīng),回應(yīng)→reactionn.反應(yīng),回應(yīng)reactto對(duì)…做出反應(yīng)
重點(diǎn)短語梳理
1.breakinto闖入,進(jìn)入2.uptonow直到現(xiàn)在
3.brightenthelivesof照亮某人的生活道路4.feel/becontentwith對(duì)……滿足5.badlyoff窮的,缺少的6.insearchof尋找….
7.pickout挑選出,辨認(rèn)出8.ontheedgeof在…邊沿9.cutoff切斷,斷絕
10.insilence沉默,不作聲11.makeuseof使用
12.beangryabout對(duì)…很生氣13.starin擔(dān)任主角,主演
模塊4
重要詞匯拓展
1.statement;n.陳述;說明state-vt.陳述;敘述;聲明
2.greet-v問候,迎接,打招呼greetingn敬禮,致意greetings問候語,致詞3.represent-v.代表,象征representative-n.代表4..association;n.社團(tuán);聯(lián)系;聯(lián)想associate;vt.使發(fā)生聯(lián)系,使聯(lián)合adj.associated聯(lián)合的,關(guān)聯(lián)的
5.curiousadj.好奇的curiouslyadv.好奇地6.dormitoryn宿舍
7.approach;vi.&vt.接近;靠近n.接近;方法;途徑.approachable-adj.可到達(dá)的;可親近的
8.defend-vt.保護(hù);保衛(wèi)defence-n.防衛(wèi);防衛(wèi)設(shè)備;防御9.major--adj.主要的minor--adj.較小的;次要的10.dash-v猛沖,突進(jìn).
11.misunderstand-vt.誤解;誤會(huì)misunderstanding-n.誤解;誤會(huì)understanding--n.諒解,理解
12.adult-n成人,成年人adj成人的,成熟的
13.spoken-adj.口語的unspoken-adj.非口語的;未說出口的14.function-n作用,動(dòng)能,只能v-起作用,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)15.likely--adj.可能的belikelytodosth16.falseadj錯(cuò)誤的,假的true真的,正確的
冀同學(xué),加加油啊
17.ease--n.安逸;舒適vt.減輕(痛苦;憂慮)easeful--adj.舒適的,安逸的18.truly--adv.真實(shí)地;真誠地;真正地true--adj.真實(shí)的,真正的19.anger-n.怒氣;怒火angry--adj.生氣的
重點(diǎn)短語梳理
1.defendagainst保衛(wèi)…以免受2.intruducesbtosb向某人介紹某人
3.kisssbonsomepart親吻某人的某個(gè)部位4.indefence防御,保障5.togetherwith與某人一起
6.belikelyto很可能…;有希望…
7.reachone’shandouttosth把手伸出來取某物8.onthecontrary相反9.nodatsb向某人點(diǎn)頭
10.greetsbwith/by通過…向某人問候greettosb向某人問好11.expressone’sfeelings表達(dá)某人的感情12.ingeneral總的來說;通常13.atajobfair在求職會(huì)上
14.benervousabout對(duì)…感到緊張15.atease舒適;快活;自由自在16.loseface丟臉
17.turnone’sbackto背對(duì);背棄18.turnone’sheadaway把頭轉(zhuǎn)過去19.bewillingto渴望….,愿意….
20.lookupsetaboutsth對(duì)..感到沮喪
模塊5
重要詞匯拓展
1central-adj.中心的;中央的centre-n.中心;中央
2.various-adj.不同的;各種各樣的variety-n.多樣性;(植物)品種vary-v使..多樣化3.whichever-pron無論哪一個(gè),任何一個(gè)
4.fantasy--n.幻想;怪念頭fantasticadj.奇異的;稀奇古怪的fantastn.幻想家;5.amusement-.n.消遣;娛樂(活動(dòng))amuse-vt.使發(fā)笑;使愉快amused--adj.愉快的,6.swing--n.秋千;搖擺vt.&vi.(swung,swung)搖擺;擺動(dòng)
7.attaction_n.有吸引力的事物;吸引attract-vt.吸引attractive-adj.吸引人的8.tourism--n.旅游業(yè)tourist-n.旅行者,旅游者9.whereever-pron無論是什么地方,各處
10.unique--adj.獨(dú)一無二的;僅有的uniquely--adv.獨(dú)特地;唯一地11.engine引擎,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)
12.preserve-vt保存,保留n保護(hù)區(qū)presevation-n保護(hù),保留13.length-n長度,長,long-adj長的14.sword-n劍
15.settle-v定居,安頓下來settler-n移民者,殖民者
冀同學(xué),加加油啊
16.athletic--adj.運(yùn)動(dòng)的athlete-n.運(yùn)動(dòng)員;運(yùn)動(dòng)選手athletics-n.體育(運(yùn)動(dòng));17.translator-n.譯員;翻譯translate;vt.翻譯;translationn.翻譯;譯文
18.minority;-n.少數(shù);少數(shù)民族minoradj.較小的;次要的majorityn.多數(shù);19.advance;vt.&vi.前進(jìn);促進(jìn);提前advanced--adj.高級(jí)的;年老的;先進(jìn)的20.admission-n.允許進(jìn)入;入場費(fèi)admitvt.承認(rèn);容許;承認(rèn);接納21.Freeway高速公路22.souvenir紀(jì)念品
重點(diǎn)短語梳理
1.befamousfor以…而聞名
2.nowonder(that)難怪;不足為奇3.bemodeledafter根據(jù)…模仿;仿造4.inadvance提前5.getcloseto接近
6.cometolife活躍起來
7.befamiliarwith熟悉,熟知
8.makeavailablefor使….可供…之用。
擴(kuò)展閱讀:高一英語各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析
高一英語各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit1-2
☆重點(diǎn)句型☆
1.Whatshouldafriendbelike?詢問對(duì)方的看法2.Ithinkhe/sheshouldbe…表示個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的詞語
3.Ienjoyreading/I"mfondofsinging/Ilikeplayingcomputergames.等表示喜好的詞語4.Chuckisonaflightwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.“when"作并列連詞的用法
5.What/Who/When/Whereisitthat...?強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)
6.WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglisheveryday,...“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語
7.Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?帶連接副詞(或代詞)的不定式做賓補(bǔ)的用法☆重點(diǎn)詞匯☆1.especiallyv.特別地2.imaginev.想像
3.aloneadv./adj.單獨(dú),孤獨(dú)的4.interestn.興趣
5.everydayadj.每天的,日常的6.desertedadj.拋棄的7.huntv.搜尋8.sharev.分享
9.carev.在乎,關(guān)心10.totaln.總數(shù)
11.majorityn.大多數(shù)12.survivev.生存,活下來13.adventuren.冒險(xiǎn)14.scaredadj.嚇壞的15.admitv.承認(rèn)
16.whileconj.但是,而17.boringadj.令人厭煩的18.exceptprep.除……之外19.qualityn.質(zhì)量
20.favouriteadj.最喜愛的☆重點(diǎn)短語☆1.befondof愛好
2.treat…as…把……看作為……
3.makefriendswith與……交朋友
4.arguewithsb.about/oversth.與某人爭論某事5.huntfor尋找6.inorderto為了
7.share…with與……分享8.bringin引進(jìn);賺錢
9.agreat/goodmany許多…
10.havedifficulty(in)doing做……有困難11.endupwith以……結(jié)束12.exceptfor除……之外13.comeabout發(fā)生14.make(a)fire生火
15.makeyourselfathome別拘束16.themajorityof大多數(shù)17.dropsb.aline給某人寫短信18.forthefirsttime第一次19.atall根本;竟然
20.havea(good)knowledgeof…精通……☆短語闖關(guān)☆
下列短語都是這兩個(gè)單元學(xué)過的重要短語,請(qǐng)你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填人一個(gè)正確的詞,每個(gè)詞4分,80分才能過關(guān),你一定能過關(guān),做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?l.befond____喜歡,愛好of
2.hunt____搜索。追尋,尋找for3.into____為了order
4.care____擔(dān)心,關(guān)心about5.such____例如,諸如as
6.dropsba____給某人寫信(通常指寫短信)line7.makeoneselfat____別客氣home8.____total總共in
9.except____除了……之外for10.stay____不睡,熬夜up11.____about發(fā)生come12.end____with以……告終up13.bring____引進(jìn),引來in
14.agreat____許許多多,極多many
15.be____對(duì)……深感興趣,深深迷上……into16.____theInternet上網(wǎng)surf
17.____classes逃學(xué),逃課skip
18.get____聚會(huì),相聚,聚集together19.beproud____為……感到驕傲of20.keepan____on照看,注意eye21.becurious____對(duì)……感到好奇about22.shut____(使)住口up23.joke____開玩笑about24.____thenameof以……名義in25.____thetime總是,一直all☆交際用語☆1.Ithink…
Ilike/love/hate...Ienjoy...
Myinterestsare...
2.Didyouhaveagoodflight?Youmustbeverytired.Justmakeyourselfathome.Ibegyourpardon?
Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?Getit.
☆單詞聚焦☆
1.arguev.的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:argumentn.1.[C]爭論2.[U]討論.辯論3.[C]論據(jù)▲搭配:
①arguewith/againstsb.over/on/aboutsth.與某人爭論某事②arguefor/againststh.辯論贊成/反對(duì)某事
③arguethat...主張,認(rèn)為,爭辯說
④arguesbinto/outofdoingsth.說服某人做/不做某事
▲友情提示:“說服某人做/不做某事”還可表達(dá)為:talk/persuade/reasonsb.into/outofdoingsth.
⑤settletheargument解決爭端
▲友情提示:anargumentwithsbabout/oversth.為某事和某人而發(fā)生的爭執(zhí)
【考例】Whatlaughing____wehadaboutthesociallyrespectablemethodformovingspaghetti(意大利式細(xì)面條)fromplatetomouth.(201*全國卷I)A.speechesB.lessonsC.sayingsD.arguments[考查目標(biāo)]argue名詞形式的詞義。
[答案與解析]Dargument的詞義是“爭辯,辯論”。2.comparev.的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:comparisonn.比較
▲搭配:①compare...to...比擬;比作②compare...with/to...將……和……相比較③comparenotes對(duì)筆記;交換意見
【考例】____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(201*湖北)
A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared[考查目標(biāo)]compare的用法。
[答案與解析]D本句compare用在句首作狀語,并有“被比較”的意思。3.considerv.的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:considerationn.考慮,思考;體諒,顧及▲搭配:①considerdoingsth.考慮做某事②considersb(tobe/as)...認(rèn)為/覺得某人……③considerthat-clause認(rèn)為……④takesthintoconsideration考慮⑤underconsideration在考慮中
【考例】CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(NMET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented[考查目標(biāo)]consider的幾種常見用法。
[答案與解析]Cconsider本身是被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),后接不定式的各種結(jié)構(gòu)。如果表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情.用不定式的完成形式。
4.desertedadj.空無一人的;被遺棄的;被拋棄的
(1)空無一人的adesertedstreet/area空無一人的街道,地區(qū);Theofficewasquitedeserted.辦公室里空無一人。
(2)被遺棄的adesertedchild被遺棄的孩子
(3)desert["dezot]n.沙漠
desert[dI"zo:t]vt.丟棄;遺棄
Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenafterbecomingrich.
5.difficultyn.
(1)difficulty(通常作復(fù)數(shù))難事,難點(diǎn),難題Shemetwithmanydifficultieswhentravelling.(2)在以下句型中,difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞,不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。have(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.
干某事有困難thereis(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.have(some)difficultywithsth.
在某事上有困難
thereis(some)difficultywithsth.
dosth.withdifficulty/withoutdifficulty困難地/輕而易舉地做某事Wehadalotofdifficultyinfindingyourhouse.DoyouhaveanydifficultywithyourEnglish?【注意】
(1)以上句型中,difficulty前可加some,little,much,alotof,no,any修飾(2)以上句型中,亦可用trouble來代替difficulty。
6.favourite=favorite(A.E)最喜愛的;最喜愛的人或事物(1)adj.最喜愛的Myfavoritesportisplayingfootball.
(2)n.[C]最喜愛的人或事物Heisafavoritewithhisuncle.7.fun的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:funnyadj.有趣的.滑稽的,好笑的;奇特的,古怪的
▲搭配:
①makefunof取笑;嘲弄;開某人的玩笑
②(just)for/infun=(just)forthefunofit取樂,非認(rèn)真地,說/做著玩的③befulloffun……很好玩
④havefunwithsb.和某人開一個(gè)玩笑
⑤have(some)fun玩得(很)高興,玩得(很)開心
⑥It"s(great)funtodosth干某事很有趣;干某事真是一件趣事;干某事真開心⑦Whatfun(itis)todosth!干某事多么有趣呀!⑧havealotoffundoingsth干某事玩得很開心
【考例】(200上海春招)Thisisnotamatch.We"replay-ingchessjustfor____.A.habitB.hobbyC.funD.game[考查目標(biāo)]fun構(gòu)成的短語forfun的意思。
[答案與解析]C,forfun常在句中用作狀語,意思是“說/做著玩的”。8.imagine的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:①imaginationn.[C/U]想像,想像力,想像的事物②imaginativeadj.富有想像力的
▲搭配:①imaginesth/doingsth②beyond(all)imagination(完全)出乎意料地
【考例】IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(MET1991)A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed[考查目標(biāo)]imagine的基本用法。
[答案與解析]Cimagine后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式,本句的Peter是這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語。9.interest的用法
interestvt.使……感興趣n.興趣,愛好[U]利息;利潤Hehasagreatinterestinpolitics.他對(duì)政治極感興趣。/abroadinterest廣泛的利益/acommoninterest共同的利益/astronginterest極強(qiáng)的興趣
▲構(gòu)詞:①interesting令人感興趣的(事物)②interested(某人對(duì)某事)有興趣的
▲搭配:①interestsbinsth使某人注意,關(guān)心或參入某事;使某人對(duì)某事感興趣②beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣(關(guān)心)③haveaninterestinsth./indoingsth.對(duì)某方面有興趣(關(guān)心);在……中有股份、權(quán)益等④holdone"sinterest吸引住某人的興趣⑤intheinterest(s)of為……利益;為……起見;對(duì)……有利⑥loseinterestin對(duì)……不再感興趣⑦show/take(an)interestin/indoingsth.對(duì)……表示關(guān)心(有興趣)⑧have/take/feelnointerestin對(duì)……不(不太)感興趣⑨withinterest有興趣地,津津有味地⑩develop/find/feelinterestinsth./indoingsth.在某方面培養(yǎng)/有興趣loseinterestinsth./indoingsth.對(duì)某方面失去興趣
有時(shí)interest可與不定冠詞連用。Hedevelopedaninterestinscience.
另外:interest作“愛好”解時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞。Hisinterestsincludereadingandtennis.【考例】____,theyimmediatelysuggestedthatsheputthemtogethertomakeasingleonelongstoryandpaidTracya$50,000advance.(201*全國卷II)A.InterestedB.AnxiouslyC.SeriouslyD.Encouraged
[考查目標(biāo)]interest派生詞的詞義和用法。
[答案與解析]Ainterested指(出版商)對(duì)這件事有興趣。10.prove的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:①proofn.證據(jù)。試驗(yàn),考驗(yàn),(印刷)校樣
▲搭配:①provesthtosb向某人證實(shí)……②provetosbthat從句向某人證實(shí)……③prove(oneself)tobe證明(自己)是,表現(xiàn)出
【考例】ItwasintheneighboringcountryUnitedStatesthatsuchresistancetospraywasfirst____.(05長春模擬)
A.provedB.killedC.thoughtD.discussed[考查目標(biāo)]考查prove的意思。
[答案與解析]A本題wasproved的意思是“得到證實(shí)”,有被動(dòng)意味。
11.provide的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:①providern.供給者,供應(yīng)者,養(yǎng)家者②provided/providingconj.倘若▲搭配:providesbwithsth/sthtosb給……提供;以……裝備
【考例】Hisson____theoldmanwithallthefoodandthemoneyheneeded.A.providedB.fedC.affordedD.charred[考查目標(biāo)]考查provide的詞義。
[答案與解析]Aprovide與with搭配,意思是“向某人提供某物”。
12.share的用法
▲搭配:①share(in)sth.withsth.和某人分享、分擔(dān)、共用某物②sharesth(out)between/among...將某物分配、分給……③sharejoys/happinessandsorrows(withsb)(和某人)同
甘共苦④shareone"sopinion同意某人的意見
【考例】LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell,Clareyoumustlearnto____.(NMET201*)A.supportB.careC.spareD.share[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查在語境中選擇動(dòng)詞的能力。
[答案與解析]D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別為:support支持;care在意,關(guān)心;spare擠出(時(shí)間),勻出某物;share分享,分擔(dān),與某人合用。根據(jù)語境可知說話者是想讓Clare學(xué)會(huì)與人共享把玩具(拿出來)和Harry一起玩,share在此意為“合用玩具”,解此題的關(guān)鍵是信息playwithyourtoysaswell。故D為最佳答案。13.solve的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:solutionn.1.[C](問題的)解答;(困難的)解決方法2.[U]解答,解決3.[U]溶解▲搭配:thesolutionto解決……的辦法
【考例3】Intheend,onesuggestionseemstobethesolution____theproblem.(201*北京春招)
A.withB.intoC.forD.to[考查目標(biāo)]solve名詞solution的相關(guān)搭配。
[答案與解析]D“對(duì)于……的解決辦法”,介詞用to。
14.totaln./adj.全部(的)
(1)intotal加起來Intotal,theremusthavebeen201*0peoplethere.(2)atotalof總共Hisexpenses(支出)reachedatotalof$100.(3)thetotalof...……的總數(shù)Thetotal0fthebillis230dollars.
15.whenconj.
when并列連詞,=andthen,表示“就在那時(shí),突然”,常見以下句型中:
(1)bedoing...when...正在做……突然……Iwaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenlcaughtsightofatailor"sshop.
(2)haddone...when...剛做了……突然……Ihadjustsatdownwhenthelightwentout.(3)beabouttodo...when...剛要做……突然……Iwasjustabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidesawmeandshoutedatme.
16.whileconj.
(1)while從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,從句動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過程之中。Comeon,getthesethingsawaywhileImakethetea.
(2)并列連詞,表前后兩個(gè)分句意義相反或相對(duì),意為“然而”。Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven"tenough.(3)放在句首,表示“盡管;雖然”,相當(dāng)于although。Whilewedon"tagree,wecontinuetobefriendly.
[牛刀小試1]用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:
(compare,interest,fun,solve,argue,consider,share)
1.Allthenovelsareconsidered____theyoungreadersinthe1980s.(tohaveinterested)2.Bobthoughtit____tosolvemathsproblemswhileothershatedit.(fun)
3.Theheadmasterignoredthe____betweenMrs.Wangandhisnephew.(argument)4.Wecan"tdecide.Theplanneedstobe____.(considered)
5.____withClassTwo,ourshasmoreboystudents.(Compared)
6.Ifindabetterway____thisproblem.(tosolve)
7.Nearlyhalfofthecompanies____thesameopinionwiththegovernment.(share/shared)【詞語比較】
1.especially,specially
especiallyadv.特殊地;尤其是
(1)側(cè)重于多種事物或人中比較突出的。Ilikeallthesubjectsatschool,especiallyEnglish.(尤其是英語)
(2)especially后可接介詞短語或從句。IliketheYueluMountains,especiallyinspring.(尤其是在春天)Noiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyouaretryingtosleep.specially側(cè)重特意地、專門地做某事(后面常接forsb.或todosth.)Imadeachocolatecakespeciallyforyou.2.boring,bored,bore
boringadj.令人厭煩的Thebookisveryboring.boredadj.感到厭煩的I"mboredwiththebook.borevt.令人厭煩Thisbookboresme.
有些表示情感的及物動(dòng)詞,有與bore類似的用法。如:interest,excite,surprise,amaze,frighten,astonish,move,inspire,touch,scare,disappoint,puzzle,worry這類詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,為“令人……”;過去分詞形式,為“感到……”。
3.exceptfor,except,but,besides
表示“除了”的詞或短語有:except;but;exceptfor;besides;exceptthat(when...)等。(1)except和but都表示“除了……之外。沒有”,二者大多數(shù)情況下可以互換;但在no,all,nobody,nothing,noone等詞后多用but。Nooneknowsourteacher"saddressexcept/buthim.(排除him)
(2)besides除……之外,還……,有附加性。WhatotherforeignlanguagesdoyouknowbesidesEnglish?(English與otherlanguages都屬于know的范圍)
(3)exceptfor只不過……,整體肯定,部分修正,用于排除非同類事物,for表示細(xì)節(jié)上的修正。Yourarticleiswellwrittenexceptforafewspellingmistakes.
4.know,knowof,knowabout
(1)know用作動(dòng)詞,意思是“(直接地)獲知,懂得,認(rèn)識(shí),熟悉”。Idon"tknowwhetherheishereornot./Iknowhimtobehonest.
(2)knowof和knowabout的意思都是“(間接地)獲知”,指聽別人說到或從書報(bào)上看到,二者沒有什么區(qū)別。
5.forexample;suchas
(1)forexample“例如”,用來舉例說明某一論點(diǎn)或情況。一般只舉同類人或物中的“一個(gè)”為例,作插入語,可位于句首、句中或句末。可用forinstance替換。Forexample,airisinvisible./Hisspellingisterrible!Lookatthisword,forexample.
(2)suchas“例如”,用來列舉事物,一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子。插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間,as后面不可有逗號(hào)。SomeoftheEuropeanLanguagescomefromLatin,suchasFrench,ItalianandSpanish.
[注意]如把前面所述情況全部舉出,用thatis或namely!疃陶Z歸納☆1.含all的短語
1)firstofall首先(強(qiáng)調(diào)順序)2)inall(=intotal=altogether)總共3)afterall畢竟,終究4)atall到底,根本
5)aboveall最重要的是(強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性)
6)not(...)atall(=not(...)intheleast)根本不,一點(diǎn)也不7)allthetime始終,一直
8)allofasudden(=suddenly)突然,冷不防9)allright行,可以
10)allatonce立劉,馬上11)alldayandallnight日日夜夜12)allover遍及
13)allalone獨(dú)個(gè)兒,獨(dú)立地14)allbut幾乎,差一點(diǎn)15)allinall總的說來
16)alltogether一道,同時(shí),總共17)forall盡管
[例句]Iwokeupanddidn"thearhimatall.我醒了,一點(diǎn)兒也沒有聽到他說話。/Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.他摔了很多跤,以至于渾身青一塊紫一塊的。/Youshouldn"tscoldher.Afterall,sheisonlyfiveyearsold.你不應(yīng)該責(zé)怪他,畢竟,她只有五歲。/Childrenneedmanythings,butaboveall,theyneedlove.孩子需要許多東西,最重要的是,需要愛。/Youmusthaveknownitallthetime.你一定一直知道這事。
【考例】PeoplemayhavedifferentopinionsaboutKaren,butIadmireher.____,sheisagreatmusician.(201*甘肅、青海)
A.AfterallB.AsaresultC.InotherwordsD.Asusual[考查目標(biāo)]主要考查四個(gè)短語的用法。
[答案與解析]Aafterall意為“畢竟.終究”;asaresult意為“結(jié)果”;inotherwords意為“換句話說”;asusual意為“像往常一樣”。本句意思是:雖然人們對(duì)她看法不一。但我還是佩服她。因?yàn)樗吘故且粋(gè)偉大的音樂家。【考例】I"dliketobuyahouse--modern,comfortable,and____inaquietneighborhood.(201*福建)
A.inallB.aboveallC.afterallD.atall[考查目標(biāo)]主要考查all構(gòu)成的四個(gè)短語。
[答案與解析]Binall意為“總共”;aboveall意為“最重要的是”;afterall意為“畢竟”;atall意為“到底”。本句話意思是:我想買一個(gè)房子,現(xiàn)代的、舒服的,但最重要的是在一個(gè)安靜的地區(qū)。
2.atall
(1)用在肯定句中,“竟然”I"msurprisedthatyoucameatall.
(2)用在否定句中,“一點(diǎn)也不”Therewasnothingtoworryaboutatall.(3)用在疑問句中,“到底”“究竟”Haveyoubeenthereatall?(4)用在條件句中,“真的,確實(shí)”Ifyoudoitatall,doitwell.3.含“be+形容詞+介詞”的短語1)begoodat擅長于
2)beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣
3)bepleased/satisfied/contentwith對(duì)……滿意4)befamousfor因……而出名5)bekind/goodto對(duì)……好6)belostin沉湎于
7)beactivein在某方面積極
8)besureabout/of確信9)beafraidof害怕10)befullof充滿11)befilledwith充滿
12)bemadeof/from由……組成13)begenerousto對(duì)……慷慨14)bepopularwith受歡迎15)beconfidentof確信16)befondof喜歡,喜愛17)beangrywith/at對(duì)……發(fā)脾氣
18)belatefor遲到
19)beamazed/surprised/astonished/shockedat對(duì)……感到驚訝20)bebusydoing忙著做……
21)beexcitedabout對(duì)……感到興奮22)beworriedabout擔(dān)心23)beusedfor/as用于
24)becuriousabout對(duì)……好奇
[例句]LinLinisconfidentofhisabilitytogetworkforhimself.林林確信自己有能力做這活。Hewasgeneroustoeverybodywithmoney,asaresult,hesavedlittle.他對(duì)誰花錢都很慷慨,結(jié)果沒有攢到多少錢。Sheisveryactiveinhelpingthepoor.在幫助窮人方面,她很熱心。Popmusicispopularwiththeyounggeneration.流行歌曲受年輕一代的歡迎。Lostinthought,hedidn"trealizethatIcamein.他陷入思考之中,沒有意識(shí)到我進(jìn)來了。IwasamazedatthesightsothatIdidn"tknowwhattodo.看到這一幕我非常驚訝,不知道該做什么。StudentsinSenior3arebusypreparingforthecomingfinalexam.高三學(xué)生在忙于準(zhǔn)備即將到來的期末考試!究祭齦】(201*重慶)
--Youknow,Bobisalittleslow____understanding,so...--SoIhavetobepatient____him.
A.in;withB.on;withC.in;toD.at;for[考查目標(biāo)]同定搭配中介詞的選擇。
[答案與解析]Abeslowin意為“在……方面反應(yīng)遲鈍”,bepatientwith意為“對(duì)……有耐心”。
4.endupwith...以……結(jié)束
(1)endupwith+n.以……結(jié)束
ThepartyendedupwiththesingingofAuldLangSyne.
(2)endupas...最后成為…Hewillendupasapresidentsomeday.
(3)endup+地點(diǎn)狀語最后(有……結(jié)局)Ifyoudriveyourcarlikethat,you"llend(up)in
hospital.
5.“make+名詞”短語①makeanoise吵鬧
②makefaces做鬼臉,做苦臉③makeroomfor給……騰出地方④makethebed整理床鋪⑤makephonecalls打電話⑥makefriendswith交朋友
⑦makemoney賺錢
⑧makeuseof利用
⑨makeadecision做出決定⑩makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤
[例句]Theboymadeafaceathisteacherwhensheturnedherback.老師轉(zhuǎn)身時(shí),男孩朝老師做了個(gè)鬼臉。
Workinginthekitchenmadetheboyintoagoodcook.在廚房里干活使男孩成為一位優(yōu)秀廚師。
Theyweremovedouttoanearbyhotel,tomakeroomformoreimportantpersons.為了給更重要的人物騰出
地方,他們被搬到了附近的一家旅店。
【考例】TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto____.(201*北京春招)
A.makeitoutB.makeitoffC.makeitupD.makeitover[考查目標(biāo)]主要考查make短語。
[答案與解析]Amakeout意為“領(lǐng)悟、弄明白、發(fā)現(xiàn)真相”makeoff意為“連忙跑掉”;makeup意為“彌補(bǔ)、打扮、組成”;makeover意為“轉(zhuǎn)讓、改造”。因?yàn)槭艿矫曰,所以?yīng)該是試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)真相!究祭
--Whenshallwestart?
--Let"s____itat8:30.Isthatallright?(201*北京)
A.setB.meetC.makeD.take[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查make短語。
[答案與解析]Cmakeit“規(guī)定時(shí)間”為固定短語。本句話意思是“把出發(fā)的時(shí)間定在8點(diǎn)半”。set意思是“對(duì)時(shí)間”、“調(diào)時(shí)間”。6.makefire點(diǎn)火
有以下fire(n.)短語:beonfire著火了(表示狀態(tài))/catchfire燃著;著火(表示動(dòng)作)/playwithfire玩火;干冒險(xiǎn)的事/Setsth.onfire=setfiretosth.放火燒……/make(a)fire點(diǎn)火;生火/start(cause)afire引起火災(zāi)
[注意]fire作“火災(zāi)”“一堆火”解時(shí),為可數(shù)名詞。7.agreat/goodmany許多
(1)agreat/goodmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù),中間無“of”。Agreatmanypeoplehaveseenthefilm.(2)agreat/goodmany+of+the/these/those/one"s+名詞復(fù)數(shù)Agreatmanyofthepeoplehaveseenthefilm.
8.makeyourselfathome別拘束
(1)makeyourselfathome別拘束(主人對(duì)客人說的委婉語)--Goodevening,Jim.--Goodevening,Mary.Comeinandmakeyourselfathome.
(2)(all)byoneself獨(dú)自(沒有別人幫助)Youcan"tpossiblydoitallbyyourself.
(3)enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得高興Pleaseenjoyyourselfwhileyou"respendingyourholidayinHawaii.
(4)foroneself親自;為自己Thestudentwantstothinkitforhimself./Oneshouldnotliveforoneselfalone.
(5)ofoneself自動(dòng)地Thedoorclosedofitselfsuddenly.
(6)beoneself身體或情緒好Iamnotmyselftoday.
(7)helponeselfto+n./pron.隨便……Pleasehelpyourselftothefish.(8)inoneself本身Thisisnotabadideainitself.
(9)cometooneself蘇醒Theinjuredmancametohim-selfinfiveminutes.(10)betweenourselves私下說的話Allthisisbetweenourselves.
9.themajorityof...大多數(shù)的……
(1)a/themajorityof+名詞復(fù)數(shù),作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)。themajority單獨(dú)作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。Themajorityofpeopleseemtopreferwatchinggamestoplayinggames./Themajoritywere(was)infavouroftheproposal.
(2)byamajorityof+數(shù)字,以超過……票的多數(shù)Shewontheelectionbyamajorityof900votes.
10.treat…as…把…看做…Thekindladytreatedmeasherowndaughter.【比較】表示“認(rèn)為”的短語還有:
regard…as…consider…(as)…thinkof…as…
lookon/upon…as…take…for…
[注意]在consider…as…短語中as可省略,其他短語中不可。[牛刀小試2]
1.Ifyouare____aboutAustraliancities,justreadthebookwrittenbyDr.Johnson.A.interestedB.anxiousC.upsetD.curious2.Herson,____whomshewasso____,wentabroad10yearsago.A.of;lovedB.for;cared
C.to;devotedD.on;affected
3.Inordertocontinuetolearnbyourselveswhenwehaveleftschool,wemust____learnhowtostudyintheschoolnow.
A.inallB.afterallC.aboveallD.atall4.--IamsorryIdidn"tdoagoodjob.
--Nevermind.____,youhavetriedyourbest.
A.AboveallB.InallC.AtallD.Afterall
5.Sincewecan"tfindabiggerapartment,we"llhaveto____whatwehave.A.hopeforthebestB.makeroomforC.makethebestofD.layourhopeon(DCCDC)【句型歸納】
1.Idon"tenjoysinging,nordoIlikecomputers.我不喜歡唱歌,也不喜歡電腦。/RockmusicisOK,andsoisskiing.搖滾音樂還可以,滑雪也行。
這兩句中nor與so用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:Idon"tknow,nordoIcare.我不知道,也不關(guān)心。so的常見句型有:
(1)so+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(意為“主語也……”)
(2)neither/nor+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(意為“主語也不……”)
(3)soitis/waswithsb/sth和soitis/wasthesamewithsb/sth(意為“主語也……”)(用在前文有兩個(gè)或以上的從句,而且分句有不同的謂語或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系動(dòng)詞義有行為動(dòng)詞的情況)
(4)so+主語+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(意為“主講確實(shí)如此”),表示進(jìn)一步肯定。
(5)主語+did+so(意為“主語按照吩咐做了”)。
【考例】Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,____.(201*全國III)A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.Johndoesn"ttooD.nordoesJohn
[考查目標(biāo)]nor表示“也不”引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
[答案與解析]D由never可以判斷該句為否定句?崭裉幘湟鉃椤凹s翰也沒讀書”。nor,so,neither可引起倒裝句。
2.Chuckisabusinessmanwhoisalwayssobusythathehaslittletimeforhisfriends.查克是個(gè)生意人,他總是那么忙,幾乎沒有時(shí)間和朋友在一起。
該句中so...that...和such...that...都能連接結(jié)果狀講從句,但要注意詞序不同。例如:Joanissuchalonelygirlthatallofuslikeher.=Sheissolovelyagirlthatwealllikeher.常見句型:
(1)such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatclause(2)such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatclause(3)such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+thatclause
(4)so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatclause(5)so+形容詞/副詞+thatclause
(6)so+many/few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatclause(7)so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+thatclause
注意:①當(dāng)little不表示數(shù)量“少”而表示“小”的意思時(shí),仍然要用such。②當(dāng)so+adj./adv.或such+n.位于句首時(shí),主句需要倒裝。
【考例】Sodifficult____ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.(201*上海)
A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel
[考查目標(biāo)]so+adj.位于句首時(shí),主句倒裝。
[答案與解析]DA、C語序不對(duì),排除。B時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)。
3.OnedayChuckisonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.一天,查克在飛越太平洋時(shí).他的飛機(jī)突然墜毀了。該句中的“when”表示“正在這時(shí)”,相當(dāng)于andjust或andatthattime.這時(shí)不能用while/as替換。
常見句型:(1)beabouttodosthwhen...(2)bedoingsthwhen...(3)beonthepointofdoingsthwhen...
【考例】Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstarted.(201*北京春招)A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before[考查目標(biāo)]"when"作連詞,表示“正在這時(shí)”。
[答案與解析]A意為“我正在湖中游泳,突然暴風(fēng)雨來了!敝挥衱hen才能用于這種句型。4.Hehastolearnhowtocollectwater,huntforfood,andmakefire.他不得不學(xué)會(huì)收集淡水.尋找食物,生火什么的。
該句中的“howItocollect...”為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作賓語。例如:Wemustdecidewhichonetobuy.疑問詞which,what,how,when,where等與小定式構(gòu)成不定式短語。
【考例】I"veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknewwhat____inmynewjob.(NMET201*)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects[考查目標(biāo)]whattodosth不定式短語作賓語。
[答案與解析]B該句需要填非謂語動(dòng)詞。排除A、D。句意為“以前我與孩子在一塊兒工作過。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么!盋不表示進(jìn)行,排除C。
5.Inordertosurvive,ChuckdevelopedafriendshipwithanunusualfriendavolleyballhecalledWilson.為了生存下去,查克和一位不尋常的朋友--“排球”建立了友誼,查克叫他威爾森。
1.該句中的"inorderto",意思為“為了,以便”,作目的狀語。在句子中作同的狀語的常見句型有五種結(jié)構(gòu):todosth/inordertodosth/soastodosth/inorderthatclause/sothatclause
注意:(1)soastodosth不能位于句首。(2)如果主句與從句的主語一致時(shí),四個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。(3)在inorderthat/sothat引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞常與can,could,may,might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。
【考例】(201*北京)I"dliketoarrive20minutesearly____Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat[考查目標(biāo)]目的狀語。
[答案與解析]Dassoonas“一…就…”;asaresult“結(jié)果是”;incase“萬一”;sothat“以便,為的是”。句意:“我想提前二十分鐘到以便有時(shí)間喝杯茶”。
2.該句子中volleyball是作同位語。例如:Headvisedfarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,theonesthathadthebestcolor.
注意:這種同位語(不是同位語從句)與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別。
【考例】(NMET201*)Meetingmyuncleaftertheseyearswasanunforgottenmoment,____Iwillalwaystreasure.
A.thatB.oneC.itD.what[考查目標(biāo)]one作同位語,指代amoment。
[答案與解析]Bthat不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,排除A;if不能作同位語,排除C;what既不能引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句,也不能作同位語?梢蕴顆hich,這樣就成了非限制性定語從句。
6.ForalongtimethelanguageinAmericastayedthesame,whilethelanguageinEnglandchanged.長期以來,美國英語保持不變,但英國英語變化了。
1.該句中的“while"用作并列連詞.表示前后對(duì)比,意為“然而”!皐hile"充當(dāng)連詞,還能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。意為“duringthetimethat…”;引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“although…”。2.該句中的"stay"為系動(dòng)詞。后接表語(thesame)。除了stay外,常見的系動(dòng)詞還有:become,get,turn,grow,go,come,run,fall,keep,stay,remain。
【考例】(NMET201*)Whydon"tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill____freshforseveraldays.
A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed[考查目標(biāo)]系動(dòng)詞的用法。
[答案與解析]B系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài),一般不用進(jìn)行
時(shí)態(tài),排除A、C;句意不是表示完成,排除D。系動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)。7.forthefirsttime第一次
(1)forthefirsttime第一次,后面不加從句,在句中作狀語TheycametoBeijingforthefirsttime.
(2)thefirsttime名詞短語,在從句中充當(dāng)連詞,后接時(shí)間狀語從句,不接that,when等連詞。有同樣用法的短語還有:everytime;nexttime;thelasttimeTheylikedBeijingthefirsttimetheywentthere.
(3)It"s/Thisisthefirsttimethat+從句(用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))這是……的第一次It"sthefirsttimethatIhaveeverbeenabroadatall.8.Whatisitthat...?是什么……?強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法:
(1)結(jié)構(gòu):Itis/Itwas(過去時(shí)間)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who(專指人)+其他部分(2)用法:除了謂語動(dòng)詞不能強(qiáng)調(diào),句子的每部分均可強(qiáng)調(diào)。Jimmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.
主語賓語地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)間狀語
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語:ItwasJimwho/thatmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語:Itwasthestudentwhom/thatJimmetinthestreetlastweek.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語:ItwasinthestreetthatJimmetthestudentlastweek.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語:ItwaslastweekthatJimmetthestudentinthestreet.(3)注意點(diǎn):
一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句:
WasitDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)凋句:
Whoisitthatwillvisitourclass?Whereisitthathehasgone?Whenwasitthatshewent?not…until…用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句:
ItwasnotuntilthenthatIrealizedIwaswrong.[牛刀小試3]
1.--Iwouldneverevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!--____.(201*廣西)
A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldI
C.SamewithmeD.SodoI
2.Wecan"timagine____littlemicecaneatup____manycropseveryyear.
A.so;soB.such;soC.such;suchD.so;so
3.Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.
A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.once
4.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovern-mentknows____.(NMET201*)A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
5.Rosesneedspecialcare___theycanlivethroughwinter.
(201*天津)
A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as(BBACB)【交際速成】
1.Talkingaboutlikesanddislikes.談?wù)撓矚g和不喜歡--IenjoyChinesefoodverymuch.--____.(03東北三校)
A.PleasetastequicklyB.Havemore,please
C.HelpyourselfD.Eatslowlywhileitishot
[答案與解析]C本題主要考查具體語境下“對(duì)事物喜好”的表達(dá)及應(yīng)答。A項(xiàng)不禮貌,B、D
兩項(xiàng)屬漢語習(xí)慣,C項(xiàng)符合此時(shí)英語語境。
【歸納】英語中常見表達(dá)喜歡和不喜歡態(tài)度的用語有:(1)Thisbookisveryinteresting.
(2)Ilike/lovethemovie(verymuch).(3)Ilike/lovetoplaycomputergames.(4)Iliketakingphotos.
(5)Ienjoylisteningtomusic.
(6)I"minterestedinscience.Myhobbies/interestsare...(7)Heisfondofmusic.(8)Thissongisbad/awful.
(9)Idon"tlikethemovieverymuch/atall.(10)Idon"tenjoycollectingstamps.(11)Ihatetodohomework.Ihatedancing,(12)I"mnotintoclassicmusic.
(13)Ithinkthatclassicmusicisterrible/boring.2.Makingapologies道歉
--I"msorryI"mcallingyousolate.--____Okay.
(201*北京春招)
A.ThisisB.You"reC.That"sD.I"m
[答案與解析]C本題主要考查英語中道歉及應(yīng)答用語。A、B、D三項(xiàng)不符合交際英語的習(xí)慣,故C項(xiàng)正確。
【歸納】英語中常見道歉用語有:
(1)I"mverysorry.Ididn"tmeanto(hurtyourfeelings).(2)I"mterriblysorryaboutthat.
(3)I"mafraidI"vebroughtyoutoomuchtrouble.(4)Pleaseexcusemecominglate.(5)Pleaseforgiveme.(6)Excuseme,please.(7)Ibegyourpardon.應(yīng)答表達(dá)有:(1)That"s/It"sallright.(2)That"s/It"sOK.(3)Nevermind.(4)Itdoesn"tmatter.(5)It"snothing.(6)Forgetit.
(7)Don"tworryaboutthat.
(8)Don"tmentionit.
3.Talkingaboutlanguagedifficultiesincommunication談?wù)撜Z言交際困難--I"msorry.Ican"tcatchyou.____--OK,it"sBLACK.
A.Wouldyoupleasewalkslowly?B.Idon"tunderstandyou.C.What"sthemeaningofthisword?
D.Wouldyoupleaserepeatitmoreslowly?
[答案與解析]D本題主要考查語言交際困難的功能意念。catch在整個(gè)語境中是“聽見,聽清”的意思,A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤理解了catch在此處的意思,B、C兩項(xiàng)語義不連貫,故正確答案是D!練w納】英語中常見的談?wù)撜Z言交際困難的用語有:(1)Pardon?/Ibegyourpardon.(2)Sorry,Ican"tfollowyou.
(3)Canyouspeakmoreslowly,please?(4)Howdoyousay...inEnglish."?
(5)Idon"tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish.(6)Idon"tknowthewordinEnglish.(7)Howdoyouspellit,please?(8)I"msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.
(9)Couldyourepeatthat,please?Couldyousaythatagain,please?
(10)Whatdoyoumeanbykillingtime?[牛刀小試4]
1.--____Ididn"thearyouclearly.It"stoonoisyhere.--Iwassayingthatthepartywasgreat.A.Repeat.B.Onceagain.C.Sorry?D.Sowhat?2.--Doyoulikeahousewithnogarden?
--____.Butanyhow,it"sbettertohaveonethannone.A.NotabitB.NotalittleC.NotreallyD.Notspecially3.--I"msorryforsteppingonyourfoot?--____.A.It"sOKB.YouarewelcomeC.It"syourfaultD.Neveryoumind4.--Whatyousaidatthemeetinghurtmebadly!--Sorry.But____.
A.Ididn"tmeanitB.Ididn"tmeantoC.Idon"tmeanitD.Idon"tmeanto5.--Youseemtoshowinterestincooking.--____?Onthecontrary,I"mtiredofit.
A.ReallyB.PardonC.OKD.What(CCABD)【精典題例】
1.--Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.
--____,and____.
A.Sohehas;sohaveyouB.Sohashe;sohaveyou
C.Sohehas;soyouhaveD.Sohashe;soyouhave
【解析】選A答句中的he指David,不倒裝。“Sohaveyou”意為“你也一樣(取得了進(jìn)步)”。
2.Little____whatothersthink.
A.doeshecareaboutB.careheabout
C.aboutheearedD.aboutcaredhe
【解析】選Alittle為否定副詞,于句首時(shí),句子使用部分倒裝。
3.Atschool,whatheenjoys____football.
A.playingB.toplayC.isplayingD.played
【解析】選Cwhatheenjoys為主語從句,謂語動(dòng)詞為be,表語為playingfootball。不要誤以為playing是enjoy的賓語而誤選A。
4.Atthe____news,allthewomenpresentburstoutcrying.
A.unexpectingB.disappointingC.disappointedD.interesting【解析】選B聯(lián)系語境,所有在場的婦女都哭了,因此為disappointing"令人失望的(消息)”。5.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret____someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.when【解析】選D"when"表示“就在這時(shí),突然”。
6.Thewolfsaidina____voiceandthescholarfelt____.A.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frightenedC.frightened;frighteningD.frightening;frightening【解析】選Afrightening“令人害怕”;frightened“感到害怕”。
7.Inour____life,Englishis____used.
A.everyday;wideB.everyday;widelyC.everyday;wideD.everyday;widely
【解析】選Beveryday“日常的,每天的”;widely“廣泛地”。8.--Hello,Mary.I"vegotagirlfriend.--What"sshelike?--____.
A.Idon"tknowB.She"slikehermother,notfatherC.ShelikesmusicD.Nothad!Quitepretty【解析】選D表外表給人的印象。
9.Thefire____forhalfanhourbeforethefirefightersarrived.A.hadputoutB.wasputoutC.hadbeenoutD.hadbrokenout【解析】選Cbeout"火熄滅”,表示狀態(tài)。
10.Ithasbeensuggestedthattheland____equallyamongthepeasants.A.besharedB.shouldbesparedC.savedD.bespent
【解析】選Asuggest后用虛擬語氣。beshared前可省略should。
11.Shetook____inphysicsandread____onthesubject.A.interest;asbooksmanyasshecouldB.aninterest;asmanybooksasshecouldC.interested;asmanybooksasshecanD.interests;asbooksasshecould
【解析】選B根據(jù)短語搭配和時(shí)態(tài)一致可知。12.--How"stheyoungman?--____.
A.He"stwentyB.He"sadoctor
C.HeismuchbetterD.He"sDavid
【解析】選Chowissb.“某人身體如何”。
13.LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell.Clare,youmustlearnto____.A.supportB.careC.spareD.share
【解析】選Dshare“分享”;support“支持”;care“在意”;spare“抽出(時(shí)間)。節(jié)余”。14.Thenewdresslookswonderfulonyou____thecollar.A.besidesB.exceptC.besideD.exceptfor
【解析】選D“美中不足的是領(lǐng)子”,表示部分修正。15.--Whataboutyourclassmate,Susan?
--Ourteacher____heragoodandcleverstudent.
A.regardsB.believesC.suggestsD.considers
【解析】選Dconsideras…“認(rèn)為……是……”,as可省略。
高一英語各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit3-4
☆重點(diǎn)句型☆
1.Insteadofspendingyourvacationonabus,...youmaywanttotryhiking.Instead和instead0f的用法
2.Say"Hi"/"Hello"/"Thanks"tosb.(forme)問候的句型3.Isanybodyseeingyouoff?進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來
4.Shestruggledandstruggled,andcouldnotgetonherfeet.(=keepstruggling)
5.Youshouldnotgoraftingunlessyouknow...unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,相當(dāng)于if...not6.Bystayingat...,touristscanhelpthevillagersmakemoneysothattheycantakecareofthefiverandthebirds.目的狀語從句
7.Shewassosurprisedthatshecouldn"tmove.結(jié)果狀語從句8.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbywater.過去分詞作狀語
9.Thenextmoment,thefirstwavesweptherdown,swallowingthegarden.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語10.However,beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.Itdidn"ttakelongbeforethebuildingwasdestroyed.before的用法☆重點(diǎn)詞匯☆
1.meansn.方法;途徑2.experiencen.經(jīng)驗(yàn)3.equipmentn.設(shè)備4.successfuladj.成功的5.protectv.保護(hù)6.handlev.處理7.considerv.考慮8.benefitn.利益9.particularadj.特別的10.effectn.效果11.combinev.合并
12.unforgettableadj.不會(huì)忘記的13.advancev.前進(jìn)14.seizev.抓住15.strugglev.奮斗
16.fearv.&n.害怕17.strikev.敲打18.destroyv.毀掉19.publishv.出版
20.naughtyadj.調(diào)皮的☆重點(diǎn)短語☆
1.getawayfrom逃離
2.watch/lookout注意,當(dāng)心3.goforahike/gohiking去徒步旅游4.aswith正如……一樣5.seeoff為某人送行
6.ontheotherhand在另一方面7.takecareof照顧
8.getclose/nearto接近,湊近9.treeaftertree一棵又一棵的樹
10.aswallas也,和……一樣(好)
11.protect…from保護(hù)……不受……的傷害12.besurprisedat因……而吃驚
13.becaught/trapped/struckin被……困住14.takeplace發(fā)生
15.gothrough通過,經(jīng)過;經(jīng)歷(痛苦的事)16.beupon臨近,逼近17.holdonto緊緊抓住
18.referto提到,說到;查詢(信息)19.lookinto注視……的內(nèi)部;檢查,調(diào)查20.forfearof(doing)sth.惟恐……
☆短語闖關(guān)☆
下列短語都是這兩個(gè)單元學(xué)過的重要短語,請(qǐng)你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填入一個(gè)正確的詞,每個(gè)詞4分,80分才能過關(guān),你一定能過關(guān).做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?l.get____from逃離away2.watch____注意,當(dāng)心out
3.protectsb/sth____保護(hù)/保衛(wèi)某人(某事物)from4.seesb____到火車站、飛機(jī)場等某處為某人送行off5.ontheother____另一方面hand6.as____as也,還,而且well7.____place發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生take8.____fire失火on
9.pullsb____把……往上拽up
10.get____one"sfeet站立起來;站起身來on11.go____通過,經(jīng)受。仔細(xì)檢查through12.____holiday在度假on
13.travel____旅行社代理人agent14.be____逼近,臨近upon
15.____exercise進(jìn)行體育鍛煉take
16.____"Hi"tosbfor/fromsb代某人向某人問候say17.come____with提出up18.go____ahike去遠(yuǎn)足for
19.becaught____受困于……,陷于……in20.____asecond馬上,一會(huì)兒in21.look____往……里面看,調(diào)查into22.refer____提到.涉及;參考to23.hold____抓住,握住onto24.sweep____沖走,刮走away25.sweep____沖倒,吹倒down☆交際用語☆
1.Wherewouldyouprefergoing...?2.Howwouldyouliketogoto...?3.Haveanice/pleasanttrip!4.Well,Imustbeoff.5.It"sallright.6.I"mafraid.7.Comeon!8.Itscaresme.9.Don"tworry.
10.First...,next...,then...,finally...☆單詞聚焦☆1.advance的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:advancedadj.高等的.先進(jìn)的,高深的▲搭配:
①inadvance在前頭,預(yù)先,事先
②inadvanceof在……前面;比……進(jìn)步;超過③ontheadvance(物價(jià))在上漲
【考例】ItissaidthatMissWhitehadsomedifficultyinstudyingthe____maths.A.improvedB.developedC.advancedD.increased[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查形容詞advanced與近義詞的區(qū)別。
[答案與解析]C“高等數(shù)學(xué)”的英譯是advancedmaths,advanced意思是“先進(jìn)的。高級(jí)的”。2.before的特殊用法
(1)HehadrunoutoftheroombeforeIcouldstophim.我還沒來得及攔住他,他就跑出了屋子。
(2)ThreeweekswentbybeforeWeknewit.三周過去了,我們才意識(shí)到。(或:時(shí)間不知不覺已過三周了。)
(3)Itwasn"t/didn"ttakelongbeforehereturned.他沒過多久就回來了。Itwon"tbelongbeforewegraduate.不要過多久我們就要畢業(yè)了。3.chance的用法
▲搭配:
①byanychance萬一,碰巧,或許②bychance偶然,意外地
③takea/one"schance冒一冒險(xiǎn),碰碰運(yùn)氣,利用一下機(jī)會(huì)
【考例6】(201*南京模擬)Mostofthe___areinseasonalwork,mainlyconnectedwithtourismandagriculture.
A.workB.luckC.chancesD.services[考查目標(biāo)]chance的詞義。
[答案與解析]Cchance在本句的詞義是“機(jī)會(huì)”。4.considerv.(1)考慮
A)consider+n./doingIconsidergoingabroad.
B)consider+疑問詞+todoYouhavetoconsiderwhattodonext.(2)認(rèn)為
A)consider+n.(+as/tobe)+n./adj.
IconsiderMaryas/tobemybestfriend.
TheyconsideredParisthebrainandheartofthecountry.B)consider+n.+tohavedone
Iconsiderhimtohaveacteddisgracefully.
除了consider…as…表認(rèn)為外,還有regard…as…,lookon…as…,take…as…,thinkof…as…5.cost的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:costlyadj.昂貴的,貴重的▲搭配:
①costsb.sth.花費(fèi)某人(多少錢);讓某人付出(代價(jià))/犧牲……②atallcosts不惜任何代價(jià).無論如何③atanycost不惜任何代價(jià),無論如何④atcost(price)按成本價(jià)格,按原價(jià)
⑤atthecostof以……為代價(jià),用……換來的;喪失;犧牲
【考例】Theywonderedhowmuchthiskindofcarwould____them.A.payB.spendC.costD.waste
[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查cost和它的幾個(gè)近義詞的區(qū)別。[答案與解析]Ccost的意思是“耗費(fèi)”,主語是指物的名詞.而pay和spend等的主語是指人的名詞。6.effectn.效果;作用
haveaneffectonsth.
Hiswordshadagreatpushingeffectonhisstudents.(1)beofnoeffect無效
(2)comeintoeffect開始生效;開始實(shí)行
[比較]affectvt.影響Theclimateaffectedtheamountoftherainfall.7.experience的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:experiencedadj.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的,熟練的▲搭配:
①byexperience憑經(jīng)驗(yàn);從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中②fromexperience憑經(jīng)驗(yàn);從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中
③gainexperiencein…獲得……經(jīng)驗(yàn)
④beexperiencedin…某方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
▲友情提示:experience這個(gè)詞作為可數(shù)名詞用時(shí),解釋為“經(jīng)歷”,作為不可數(shù)名詞用時(shí)解釋為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。
【考例】(201*山西模擬)____teachesthathewasright.Goodfriendshipisjustnoteasilyformed.
A.KnowledgeB.TeachersC.ExperienceD.Parents[考查目標(biāo)]experience的意思。
[答案與解析]Cexperience常為不可數(shù)名詞,意思是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。8.fearn.&vt.
(1)n.恐懼(多作不可數(shù)名詞)
Hisfacewasgrowingpalewithfear.憂慮;擔(dān)心的事(可數(shù))
Thereisnoreasonforyourfears.forfearof由于怕……,以防
Heleftanhourearlierforfearofmissinghistrain.forfear(that)惟恐;怕的是;以防
Sheworriedforfearthatthechildwouldbehurt.infearof害怕;擔(dān)心
Thethiefwasinfearofthepolice.(2)v.恐懼;害怕,接n./pron.Catsfearbigdogs.恐懼;害怕,接todoDon"tfeartotellthetruth.恐怕;擔(dān)心,接從句
Shefearedthatshemightnotfindhiminhisroom.
▲構(gòu)詞:fearfuladj.可怕的,嚴(yán)重的;懼怕的,膽怯的;擔(dān)心的,憂慮的fearlessadj.不怕的,大膽的,勇敢的,無畏的▲搭配:
①beinfear(of)(為……而)提心吊膽
②forfearof因?yàn)榕拢灰悦,怕的?/p>
③forfearthat-clause生怕;為了防止(某事發(fā)生)④haveafearthat-clause擔(dān)心/怕(發(fā)生某事)⑤withfear嚇得,怕得
⑥fear(vi.)for...擔(dān)心/憂慮……
【考例】(201*江蘇)Hegottothestationearly,____missinghistrain.A.incaseofB.insteadof
C.forfearofD.insearch
[考查目標(biāo)]fear構(gòu)成的短語的用法和意思。
[答案與解析]Cforfearof常在句中作狀語,意思是“怕的是……。擔(dān)心……”。9.funn.高興;樂趣;有趣的人或事(1)forfun為了高興;為著好玩Ionlydiditforfun.
(2)makefunof開……的玩笑;取笑
Itiswrongtomakefunofacripple.[比較]
(1)laughat笑(某人);嘲笑
It"sunkindtolaughatapersonwhoisintrouble.(2)playajokeon開(某人的)玩笑10.meansn.手段;辦法
(1)bymeansof用……;依靠……
Thewatermaybecarriedbymeansofapipe.
(2)byallmeans一定;務(wù)必;(表示同意)當(dāng)然可以,沒問題:務(wù)必,無論如何,千方百計(jì)地
Trybyall/everymeanstopersuadehimtocome.(3)bynomeans完全不是;一點(diǎn)也不;決不
Thisisbynomeansthefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.
還有:bythismeans用這種方法;byanymeans用一切可能的方法或手段【考例】(MET1991)Studentssometimessupportthem-selvesby____ofeveningjob.A.waysB.offersC.meansD.helps[考查目標(biāo)]bymeansof短語的意思。
[答案與解析]Cbymeansof的意思是“通過某種手段”。11.normaladj.正常的;正規(guī)的
thenormaltemperature,normalbehavior(1)regular規(guī)則的;有規(guī)律的
keepregularhours生活有規(guī)律;按時(shí)作息(2)common普通的;常見的
TomisacommonnameinBritain.共有的;共同的haveacommoninterest有著共同愛好
(3)usual慣常的;慣例的
It"susualwithhimtogototheofficeonfoot.(4)ordinary平凡的;普通的inordinarydress12.once的用法▲搭配:
①allatonce突然;同時(shí)②atonce立刻,馬上;同時(shí)
③(every)onceinawhile偶爾,有時(shí),間或
④forthisonce(=foronce,justforonce)就這一次;破例一回⑤morethanonce不止一次,多次⑥notonce一次也不⑦onceagain/more再一次
⑧onceandagain一再,再三
⑨onceortwice一兩次;有時(shí),偶爾⑩oncetoooften又(多了)一次onceuponatime從前
【考例】(201*上海)____wehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningincreasesthelengthoftimewewillrememberit.
A.BeforeB.OnceC.UntilD.Unless
[考查目標(biāo)]連詞once的用法和詞義。
[答案與解析]Bonce在作連詞使用時(shí)意思是“一旦”。13.preferv.寧愿;更喜歡(1)prefer+n./pron.
Theboypreferredadetectivestory.(2)prefer+v.-ing
Doyoupreferlivingabroad?
(3)prefer+todo
Shepreferstoliveamongtheworkingpeople.(4)prefersb.todosth.
Shepreferredhimtostayathome.
(5)prefer+n./pron./doing+to+n./pron./doing喜歡……而不喜歡Ipreferthetowntothecountry./Whilehewasintheofficehepreferreddoingsomethingtodoingnothing.
(6)prefertodo...ratherthando=wouldratherdo...thando...寧愿……而不愿Iprefertowalkthereratherthangobybus.
(7)prefer+從句(謂語動(dòng)詞用shoulddo,should可省略)Shepreferredthatheshoulddoitinthekitchen.
14.protect的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:protectionn.保護(hù)(者/物),防御
▲搭配:protectsbfrom/against防止……遭受……;使……免于,保護(hù)……使不受【考例】(MET1992)Clarkewasgreatlyadmiredattheclubforthesuccessful____.A.self-satisfactionB.self-protectionC.self-respectD.self-service[考查目標(biāo)]protect及其派生詞的詞義。
[答案與解析]Bself-protection是名詞,意思是“自我保護(hù)”。15.separate的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:separationn.[U]分開,分離
▲搭配:
①separateAfromB把A和B分開
②AisseparatedfromBby…A和B為……所分開/阻隔③separatesth(up)into…把……分成(幾分)
▲辨析:separate;divide;part都含“分開”的意思。
separate指“把原來在一起的人或物分開”。例如:Separatethosetwoboyswhoarefighting,willyou?(你)把那兩個(gè)打架的孩子拉開,好嗎?
divide指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整體分成若干部分”。part指“把密切相關(guān)的人或物分開”,還有“分手”之意。
【考例】(NMET201*)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed[考查目標(biāo)]動(dòng)詞separate的詞義。
[答案與解析]Aseparated和get搭配有被動(dòng)意義,表示“被隔開;被分隔”。[牛刀小試1]
用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:
(advance,means,cost,protect,fear,separate)
1.Theteacherimprovedthestudents"Englishby____ofdictationandrecitation.(means)2.Allthegoods___mealmosthalfamilliondollars.(cost)3.Wemust____thewildanimalsfromthehunting.(protect)4.Everybabyshouldbe____afterheishorn.(separated)
5.Noneofthem____deathwhentheenemycameintothevillage.(feared)6.Therearetoomanypeople,soyoushouldhaveboughtaticketin____.(advance)☆詞語比較☆
1.wear,puton,haveon,dress,bein,tryon
(1)wearv.穿著;戴;蓄須(發(fā));磨損;(臉容)呈現(xiàn),顯出Heiswearinganovercoattoday.*wearout(把)穿破;(把)用壞;(使)疲乏;(使)耗盡Ihavewornoutmyshoes./Mypatiencewore(wasworn)out.
(2)puton穿上;戴上(側(cè)重穿著的動(dòng)作)Putonyoursweater,otherwiseyouwillfeelcold.(3)dressvt.給……穿衣服n.衣服;連衣裙
dresssb.(insth.)或bedressed(insth.)注意:穿的衣服接在in之后。Motherdressedherbabyandthentheywentdownstairs.
(4)haveon表示穿著的狀態(tài),注意不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)。AttheSpringFestival,allchildrenhaveonnewclothes.(5)bein表示穿著的狀態(tài)Therewasagirlinred.(6)tryon試穿Motherwastryingonanewdress.2.strike,hit,beat
(1)hitvt.
①打;敲;擊;擊中;射中Hehitaballoverthefence./Thestonehithimonthehead.②使……受到打擊Thebadnewshiteveryonehard.(2)beatvt.&vi.
①連續(xù)有節(jié)奏地打;敲
Therainheatagainstthewindow.
②(心)跳動(dòng)Hishearthadstoppedbeating.③(鳥翼)撲動(dòng)
Thebirdbeatitswingsrapidlyasitflewon.④打敗;打贏;取勝
Ourchampioncanbeatallrunnersinthecountry.(3)strikevt.&vi.
①打;敲;擊;砍;打中;擊中Hestruckmewithhisfist.
Thehousewasstruckbylightning.②發(fā)起進(jìn)攻;襲擊
Hemovedawayastheanimalstruck.③撞;觸(礁)
Hisheadstruckthetableashefell.④擦(火柴)
Istruckamatchandheldittohiscigarette.
⑤(某種想法)忽然出現(xiàn);忽然想起,相當(dāng)于occurto。Ahappythoughtstruckher.
⑥給人深刻印象(常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài))
Iwasstruckbyherbeauty.
⑦罷工Theyarestrikingforhigherpay.
⑧(鐘)敲(響)Wewaitedfortheclocktostrikesix.3.complete,finish
complete可作形容詞,表示“徹底的;全面的”。complete與finish表示“完成”時(shí)的區(qū)別。
(1)complete作及物動(dòng)詞,只接n.或pron.,常用于完成預(yù)定的任務(wù),工程建設(shè)等Therailwayisnotcompletedyet.
(2)finishvi./vt.指完成,結(jié)束一件事情;可接n.或doing。如:finishone"shomework/middleschool/writingthebook☆短語歸納☆
1.cutdown
(1)砍倒Ifyoucutdownallthetreesyouwillraintheland.(2)減少;削減Ihavedecidedtocutdownmysmoking.2.含get的短語
①getback回來,恢復(fù),送回
②getoff下來,動(dòng)身,起飛③getup起床,站起來④geton上(車)
⑤geton/alongwith與某人相處.某事的進(jìn)展⑥gettogether聚首,碰頭⑦getawayfrom逃離⑧getonone"sfeet站起來⑨getdown下來⑩getonwellwith與……相處融洽
getmarried結(jié)婚getto到達(dá)getthrough通過,接通
getdownto開始著手做某事
getacross(使)通過get(a)round傳開,說服
getin進(jìn)入。收獲getout出去,逃脫
[例句]Howareyougettingalongwithyourbusiness?生意進(jìn)展如何?/IfyoutakeMaryoutforadriveyoumustpromisetogetherbackforhermusiclesson.如果你帶瑪麗去兜風(fēng)的話,你必須答應(yīng)帶她回來上音樂課。/Ican"tgetmybootsoff,fortheyaretootight.我脫不掉靴子,它太緊了。/WealltrytogettogetheratleastonceayearatChristmastime.在圣誕期間我們盡量一年至少聚會(huì)一次。/Whenonehasbusinessonhanditishardtogetawayfromhome.如果一個(gè)人手頭有事,離開家很難。
【考例】(201*遼寧)Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It"stimeforusto____ourstudies.
A.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getover[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查get短語。
[答案與解析]Agetdownto意為“開始著手做某事”;getout意為“離開,擺脫”;getbackfor意為“回去拿”;getover意為“克服,渡過”。本句話意思是:期末考試就要到了,我們?cè)撻_始學(xué)習(xí)了。
【考例】(NMET1993)Readerscan____quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.
A.getoverB.getinC.getalongD.getthrough
[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查get短語。
[答案與解析]Cgetover意為“痊愈,克服”;getin意為“插話”;getalong意為“進(jìn)展.繼續(xù)”;gelthrough意為“接通。辦完”。本句話意思是:讀者不必準(zhǔn)確知道每個(gè)詞的意思就能繼續(xù)下去。
3.getaway(from)
(1)擺脫Waysmustbefoundtogetawayfrompoverty.(2)走開;離開Shedidn"tgetawayuntilninelastnight.(3)逃走,使離開Thebankrobbersusedastolencartogetaway.(4)拿走Getalltheepartydishesaway!4.getcloseto
(1)closeadj.靠近;接近
Thechurchisclosetotheshops.親密;密切
Areyouaclosefriendoftheirs?(2)closeadv.靠近;接近
Hewasstandingclosetothedoor.
(3)closev.關(guān)上;關(guān)閉(不開發(fā));結(jié)束Sheclosedhereyes./Hereyesclosed.(閉上)(4)closelyadv.緊密地;仔細(xì)地;密切地
Hegotcloselyintouchwiththemagazinesoftoday.Thelittlebabywascloselylookedafterbyher.[比較]
(1)close與closely作副詞時(shí),close含具體之意,closely含抽象之意。
(2)類似的詞組有high(高)--highly(高度地),deep(深深地)--deeply(深入地),wide(很開,寬)--widely(廣泛地),low(低的)--lowly(低賤的)(作形容詞)5.handin交上去(給老師或上級(jí));交來(handv.)
Eachstudenthastohandinacompositiononceaweek.[比較]
(1)handdown傳下來;傳給Ourfatherhandeddownthesecustomstous.
(2)handon…to…傳給,傳遞Theywillhandthephotographtothosewhohavenotseenit.(3)handout發(fā)給大家;散發(fā)Theteacherhandedoutthebooksatthebeginningofthelesson.
6.insteadof代替……(1)insteadof+n./pron.
Givemetheredoneinstead0fthegreenone.(2)insteadof+doing
Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator.(3)insteadof+介詞短語
Hestudiesintheeveninginsteadofduringtheday.[比較]
(1)insteadadv.作為替代(……而),代替IfHarryisnotwellenoughtogowithyou,takemeinstead.
(2)ratherthan而不是,與其……寧愿Heranratherthanwalked.
(3)inplaceof代替,……而不用TheChineseusechopsticksinplaceofknivesandforks.
7.含take的短語①②③④
takeapicture照相,拍照
takeataxi/bus,etc.打的(坐公交車等)takeaway拿走,奪取,使離去takecareof小心,照料,保管
⑤takeoff脫,去掉,取消,起飛⑥takeout拿出,帶……出去
⑦takeone"splace就坐,坐某人的座位,代替某人的位⑧takeplace發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生⑨t(yī)akeexercise做運(yùn)動(dòng)⑩takeaseat坐下taketurns輪流
takeanactivepartin積極參加takeamessage捎口信takeon從事,呈現(xiàn)
taketheplaceof取代,代替takeapart拆開
takedown拿下,記下take...for...誤認(rèn)為……takein吸收,接納takeup拿起.從事.占據(jù)
[例句]FatherwasconvincedthatPeterwasunhappyatboardingschool,andmadearrangementstotakehimaway.父親確信彼得在寄宿學(xué)校不開心,決定把他帶走。/Willyoulakecareofbuyingthewinefortonight"sparty?你負(fù)責(zé)為今晚的晚會(huì)買酒水好嗎?/Theboysgotintothecarandtookoffforthedrugstore.男孩們進(jìn)到車?yán)铮_車去了藥店。/HetookmyplaceinthequeuesothatIcouldgoandgetsomethingtoeat.他替我排好了隊(duì),以便我能夠回去弄點(diǎn)兒吃的。
8.usedto
(1)usedtodosth.過去常!(現(xiàn)在已不如此)Weusedtogrowbeautifulroses.注意:否定句和疑問句有兩種Youusedn’ttomakethatmistake.
Shedidn"tuse(d)todoit,didshe?
Youusedtosmokeapipe,didn"tyou?/use(d)n"tyou?(2)be/get/becomeusedto+n./doing習(xí)慣于Ihavealwaysbeenusedtohardwork.
Hegotusedtolivinginthecountry.(3)beusedtodo被用來做……Thisknifeisusedtocutbread.
表示“過去常常……”時(shí),usedto與would區(qū)別:
(1)would只強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去常!,usedto說明現(xiàn)在不是如此。
Theoldwomanwouldsitthereforhoursdoingnothing.
(2)would只接行為動(dòng)詞,usedto可接行為動(dòng)詞和表狀態(tài)的詞。如:be,like,know,have。Thereusedtobeatempleatthefootofthemountain.
9.watchout當(dāng)心;注意
You"llbecheatedifyoudon"twatchout.(1)watchoutfor=lookoutfor提防;當(dāng)心Youmustalwayswatchoutforthetraffichere!(2)watchover照看;看守;負(fù)責(zé)Themotherbirdiswatchingoverheryoung.10.含“動(dòng)詞+out”短語
①comeout出來,出版,傳出②goout出去,熄滅,不時(shí)興③lookout當(dāng)心,注意
④takeout拿出,取出,帶……出去⑤rushout沖出去,匆忙大量生產(chǎn)⑥tryout嘗試,試驗(yàn)⑦watchout小心
⑧wearout穿破,用壞,(使)疲乏,消磨⑨findout找出,查出
⑩makeout填寫,完成.設(shè)法應(yīng)付getout出去,逃離,泄露,公布pickout看出,選出thinkout想出
giveout發(fā)出,筋疲力盡
setout出發(fā),陳述
[例句]Pleasegooutandtellthechildrentomakelessnoise.請(qǐng)出去告訴孩子們不要吵鬧。/Thesebicycleshavebeenrushedoutandnotuptoourusualstandard.這些自行車匆忙大量生產(chǎn),沒有達(dá)到我們的正常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。/Watchout.Thetrainiscoming.小心,火車來了。/Yourwillwearoutyourpatienceintime,myfriend.朋友,最終我們會(huì)沒有耐心的。
【考例】(201*湖北)Thispicturewastakenalongtimeago.Iwonderifyoucan____myfather.
A.findoutB.pickoutC.lookoutD.speakout
[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查out構(gòu)成的短語意思區(qū)別。
[答案與解析]Bpickout意為“挑選,辨別出”;findout意為“找出.發(fā)現(xiàn)”;lookout意為“留神,注意”:speakout意為“大聲說出”。[牛刀小試2]
請(qǐng)根據(jù)句意,選用所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空:
(getaway,takeup,takeon,thinkout,getdownto)
1.--Shallwesetoffrightnow?--Sorry.I"mtoobusyto____forthemoment.(getaway)2.Thefinalexaminationiscoming:youreallymust____yourstudies.(getdown)
3.Themanagerdoesn"thavemuchfreetimeashiswork____nearlyallhissparetime.(takesup)4.Wealsosharedanumberofqualitieswhichwefellwereinourfavorwhenwe____thetask.(tookon)
5.Hemighthave___hisideaabouttheartexhibitionmuchbetter,ifhehadplannedwhathewantedtosay.(thoughtout)☆句型歸納☆
1.Youshouldn"tgoraftingunlessyouknowhowtoswim,andyoushouldalwayswearalifejacket.除非你會(huì)游泳,而且要一直穿著救生衣,否則就不應(yīng)該去做漂流運(yùn)動(dòng)。該句中的unless引導(dǎo)狀語從句。例如:Onecan"tlearnaforeignlanguagewellunlesshestudieshard.
unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,一般可以與if...not...互換。還要注意unless引導(dǎo)的從句經(jīng)?梢允÷浴
【考例】(200l北京春招)Themenwillhavetowaitallday____thedoctorworksfaster.A.ifB.unlessC.whetherD.that[考查目標(biāo)]狀語從句。
[答案與解析]B句子意思是“如果醫(yī)生不快點(diǎn)工作,這些人將不得不等一整天!睉(yīng)該選unless。
2.Eco-travelisawaytofindoutwhatcanbedonetohelpanimalsandplantsaswellaspeople.生態(tài)游可以找到既幫助別人.又幫助動(dòng)植物的途徑。
該句中的aswellas是連詞,連接兩個(gè)并列成分。例如:HecanspeakGermanaswellasFrench.
常見的用法:
1.well是副詞,意思是“好,優(yōu)秀”,aswellas是形容詞同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)。2.aswellas是固定短語,意思是“和”,相當(dāng)于"notonly…butalso..."。
3.aswellas連接兩個(gè)并列成分作主語時(shí),句子的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與前面那個(gè)名詞或代詞的人稱或數(shù)保持一致。
4.aswellas還可當(dāng)作復(fù)雜介詞用,意思是“除了……之外,還有”;相當(dāng)于"besides,apartfrom"。5.aswell,是副詞短語,意思是“也”,相當(dāng)于“too/also”常位于句尾,與too位相當(dāng)。6.may/mightaswelldosth表示“還是……的好”。
【考例】(NMET1994)Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthanDavid.
A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas[考查目標(biāo)]aswellas連接比較狀語從句。
[答案與解析]B該句中ifnotbetterthan相當(dāng)于插入語,起干擾作用,如果不予考慮,原句就變成了同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)"JohnplaysfootballaswellasDavid"。3.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise.她還沒有來得及動(dòng)彈,就聽見很響的聲音。However,beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.但還沒有回過身來,洪水便逼近了她。
該兩句中的before用作連詞,后接時(shí)間狀語從句。before用作連詞,接時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),表示“在……之前”。但在不同的語境中,往往有比較靈活的譯法。例如:Heknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他差一點(diǎn)把我撞倒,才看到我。
【考例】(201*廣東)TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearstheNorthwonintheend.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then[考查目標(biāo)]時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞選擇。
[答案與解析]Bbefore表示“直到……”。
4.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.洪水想必深達(dá)三米,樹一棵接一棵地倒了,被洪水沖斷了。
該句中的musthavebeen表示推測。例如:Youlooksotired.Youmusthavestayeduplastnight.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may,might,most.can,could常用來表示推測。may,might,must多用在肯定句中,can,could多用在否定句和疑問句中。may,might,must,can,could后接動(dòng)詞原
形表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測;may,might,must,can,could后接havedone。表示對(duì)過去的推測。例如:
Youmaybeaprofessor./Shemusthavemetafairy.
【考例】(201*遼寧)Thiscakeisverysweet.You____alotofsugarinit.A.shouldputB.couldhaveputC.mightputD.musthaveput[考查目標(biāo)]情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測。
[答案與解析]D前文說蛋糕很甜,由此可知一定是糖放多了。對(duì)于過去的動(dòng)作的推測應(yīng)使用havedone的結(jié)構(gòu),所以應(yīng)在B、D之間做選擇,又因?yàn)閏ouldhave
done表示本可以做而沒有做,所以選擇D。
5....sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.……她聽見了很響的聲音,接著就變成了可怕的隆隆轟鳴聲。
該句中的which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例如:Heboughtsomereferencebooks,whichwereallaboutscience.他買了許多的參考資料.都是有關(guān)理科的。which作為關(guān)系代詞.既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例如:ThetrainwhichleftforBeijingpulledinontime.前往北京的火車按時(shí)進(jìn)站了。Hisdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.他的狗,現(xiàn)在老了,生病死了。
【考例】(201*浙江)Jimpassedthedrivingtest,____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it[考查目標(biāo)]非限制性定語從句。
[答案與解析]Awhich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。指代前面整個(gè)句子。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句!罹湫驮忈尅
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(is/am/are+doing)
1.表示現(xiàn)在(說話的瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Look!Themonkeyisclimbingthebananatree.
2.表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(說話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行。)WearepreparingforthemeetingtobeheldnextFridaynow.
3.表示說話人現(xiàn)在對(duì)主語的行為表示贊嘆、驚訝、厭惡等。(常與always,constantly,continually,allthetime,forever等副詞連用),表反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。Heisalwaysthink-ingofothers.(表贊許)Sheisalwaysaskingthesamequestion.(表厭惡)Youarealwayschangingyourmind.(表抱怨)
4.表示在最近計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常用于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,stay等表移動(dòng)、方向的動(dòng)詞。Heisstartingtheworkinafewminutes./HeisleavingforBeijingtomorrowmorning.[注意]
1.不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的詞有:
(1)系動(dòng)詞:feel,sound,smell,taste,look,appear,seem,remain,prove等。(2)表結(jié)果的感官動(dòng)詞:see,notice,hear等。
(3)非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,此動(dòng)作開始即是結(jié)束:enter,accept,receive等。
(4)表心理狀態(tài),存在狀態(tài),擁有的動(dòng)詞:love,like,hate,care,dislike,respect,prefer,know,understand,forget,remember,believe,want,wish,hope,mind,agree,belongto,dependon,own,have等。
2.用進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊詞有系動(dòng)詞get,turn,grow,become,go,come,fall等表由一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)入另一種狀態(tài)時(shí),用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示漸近。Today,manyriversthatwerepollutedaregettingcleanerandcleaner.當(dāng)今,許多過去遭污染的河流又變得越來越清澈了。[比較]
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來的用法與一般將來時(shí)的區(qū)別:(1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表近期的,事先已經(jīng)計(jì)劃安排好的--Howareyougettingtotheairport?
--Bytaxi.Bobiscomingwithmetotheairport.(2)willdo和shalldo
①表客觀將來。shall用于第一人稱,will用于第一、
二、三人稱。Iwill/shallfinishmiddleschoolnextmonth.
②表有科學(xué)根據(jù)的預(yù)測。Theweatherreportsaysitwillraintomorrow.
③表客觀必然。Manwillmakemistakes.(3)begoingto
①表現(xiàn)在打算在近期或?qū)硪瞿呈。I"mgoingtofinishmyhomeworktonight.②表根據(jù)已有跡象的預(yù)測。It"ssodarkoutside,Ithinkit"sgoingtorain.
③begoingto不與come,go連用,而用becoming,begoing形式。Maryiscomingherethisevening.[注意]
表計(jì)劃、安排、規(guī)定要做的事,用“be+todo”。此外,表示按時(shí)刻表運(yùn)行的動(dòng)作常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。Themeetingistobeheldat9:00a.m./Ourplaneleavesat6:00a.m..[牛刀小試3]
1.____youcallmetosayyou"renotcoming,I"llseeyouatthetheatre.(201*吉林)A.ThoughB.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless
2.Nowthatyou"vegotachance,you____makefulluseofit.(NMET1999)A.hadbettertoB.mightaswellC.mightaswellasD.wouldrather
3.Itwasevening____wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.(201*天津)
A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before
4.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,____?(201*上海春招)
A.didn"ttheyB.don"tthey
C.mustn"ttheyD.haven"tthey
5.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,____wehadn"texpected.(201*北京春招)A.whenB.thatC.whichD.whatDBDDC
☆交際速成☆
【考點(diǎn)1】Talkingaboutintentionsandplans.談?wù)撘庠负痛蛩?201*江蘇)--Howlongareyoustaying?--Idon"tknow.____.
A.That"sOKB.NevermindC.ItdependsD.Itdoesn"tmatter
[答案與解析]C本題考查具體語境下被詢問打算時(shí)的應(yīng)答。A項(xiàng)用于回答感謝和道歉,B、D兩項(xiàng)用于回答道歉,C項(xiàng)表示“看情況而定”!練w納】英語中常見表達(dá)意愿和打算的用語有:
①I"llgowithyou.②③④⑤
I"mgoingtoseemyheadteacherthisafternoon.I"dliketomakeaphonecalltoherafterclass.Iwant/hopetofindanEnglishpenfriend.IplantogotoHangzhouthissummer.
⑥Wearereadytomovetoanewhouse.⑦BillintendstospendhisvocationinCalifornia.⑧I"mthinkingofdrivingtoBeijing.⑨Wherewouldyouprefergoing...?⑩Howwouldyouliketogoto...?Whenareyougoingoffto...?Howareyougoingto...?
【考點(diǎn)2】Expressinggoodwishes祝愿(201*廣東)
Tom:Mike,ourteamwillplayagainsttheRocketsthisweekend.I"msurewewillwin.Mike:____!
A.CongratulationsB.CheersC.BestwishesD.Goodluck
[答案與解析]D考查祝愿用語。在比賽前表示祝愿的話用Goodluck。Congratulations用于成功之后的祝賀。Cheers意為“干杯”。Bestwishes多用于書面語,表示“萬事如意”的意思!練w納】英語中常見表達(dá)祝愿的用語有:①②③④
Haveagoodday/time!Haveagoodjourney/trip!Goodluck!Enjoyyourself!
⑤Bestwishestoyou!⑥HappyNewYear!⑦Happybirthday!⑧MerryChristmas!應(yīng)答語有:①Thankyou.②You,too.
③Thesametoyou.
【考點(diǎn)3】Describingemotions描述人物的情感(201*上海春招)
--I"mafraidIcan"tfinishthebookwithinthisweek.--____.
A.PleasegoaheadB.That"sallrightC.NotatallD.Takeyourtime
[答案與解析]D本題考查時(shí)表示遺憾情感的應(yīng)答。A項(xiàng)表示“請(qǐng)吧,說吧”,用于回答許可或讓對(duì)方先行。B、C兩項(xiàng)是感謝或道歉的答語,D項(xiàng)表示“別著急,慢慢來”,符合語境!練w納】中學(xué)英語中描述人物情感的用語有:
①(恐懼)Help!/Howterrible!/I"mafraidof.../I"mafraidto.../Youscaredme!/Itscaresme!②(高興)(It"s)welldone!/Howwonderful!/That"sgreat!/I"mpleasedto...
③(驚奇)Really!/Ohdear!/Isthatso?/Whatasurprise!/Howsurprising!
④(憂慮)What"swrong?/what"sthematter?/Anythingwrong?/Whatshouldwedo?
⑤(安慰)There,there./Don"tbeafraid./Don"tworry./It"s(quite)allright./It"llbeOK/allright.
⑥(滿意)Good!/Welldone!/Perfect!/That"sfine./That"sbetter.⑦(遺憾)I"msosorry!/It"sagreatpity!/Whatashame!/That"stoobad!⑧(同情)I"msosorry!/I"msosorry(aboutyourillness)./I"msorrytohearthat.⑨(憤怒)Damn!/Howannoying!
⑩(鼓勵(lì))Welldone!/Comeon!/Keeptrying./Youcandoit![牛刀小試4]
1.--I"dliketotakeaweek"sholiday.--____,we"retoobusy.
A.Don"tworryB.Don"tmentionitC.ForgetitD.Pardonme
2.--Iwassosurethatourexperimentwasgoingtosucceed,butsomethingwentwrongatthelastmoment.
--____,butdon"tgiveitup.
A.FindoutthereasonB.Nevermind
C.I"msorrytohearthatD.Youdon"t"meanthat
3.--Ijustheardthattheticketsfortonight"sshowhavebeensoldout.--Ohno!____.A.IwaslookingforwardtothatB.Itdoesn"tmatterC.IknewitalreadyD.It"snotatallinteresting4.--WearegoingtotraveltoItaly.--____.A.GoodbyeB.Goahead
C.Iliketogo,tooD.Haveagoodtime5.--I"dratherhavesometea,ifyoudon"tmind.--____.
A.ThankyouverymuchB.Yes,Ilikeso
C.No,it"snothingD.Ofcourse,anythingyouwantCCADD☆精典題例☆
1.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(NMET201*春上海)
A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut
【解析】選C本題是在語境中考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本句意為“雨林以這樣的速度被砍伐和焚燒,會(huì)導(dǎo)致它在不久的將來從地球上消失。”體會(huì)語境和句意便知此處選擇C項(xiàng),表示現(xiàn)階段在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2.Twenty-threehourshaspassedaftertheexplosioninthemine,butrescueeffortstorecoverthemissing____carriedout.
A.arestillbeingB.havealreadybeenC.arealwaysD.willsoonbe
【解析】選A本句意為“礦井爆炸已過23小時(shí)了,但對(duì)失蹤人員的搜索還在進(jìn)行中!3.--Whenareyouleaving?--Myplane____at10:45.
A.takesoffB.tookoff
C.isabouttotakeoffD.willtakeoff【解析】選A飛機(jī)是按時(shí)刻表運(yùn)行的。4.--Excuseme,whattimeisitnow?
--Sorry,mywatch____.It____attheshop.A.isn"tworking;isbeingrepairedB.doesn"twork;isbeingrepairedC.isn"tworking;isrepaired
D.doesn"twork;isrepaired
【解析】選Bdoesn"twork說明“手表不工作”的狀態(tài),而不只是現(xiàn)在才壞了。后句意為“手表正在商店里修理”,故應(yīng)用isbeingrepaired。
5.John,whoisconsidered____awarm-heartedman,isconsidering____hisneighboroutoftrouble.
A.tobe;tohelpB.tobe;helpingC.being;tohelpD.being;helping
【解析】選Bbeconsideredtobe“被認(rèn)為是……”;considerdoing“考慮做某事”。6.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation____itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as
【解析】選C意思是“在事情還未變得更糟之前及時(shí)糾正錯(cuò)誤”。
7.--Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.--Itdoesn"tmatter.I____lendyoumine.
A.amtoB.amgoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.will【解析】選Dbeto表示按計(jì)劃安排將來的動(dòng)作,begoingto表示最近打算做某事,will在此是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示“意志;意愿”。如:Iwilltellyouallaboutit.
8.Childrenatthebeginningofthiscentury____alotand____themselvesgreatlyevenwithouttelevision.
A.usedtoread;enjoyingB.usedtoread;enjoyedC.wereusedtoreading;enjoyD.wereusedtoread;enjoying
【解析】選B前后時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致。
高一英語各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit5-6
☆重點(diǎn)句型☆
1.Whilestillastudent,sheplayedrolesinmanyplays.連詞+名詞做時(shí)間狀語
2.Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaid…連詞+過去分詞做時(shí)間狀語
3.Whendrinkingtosomeone"shealth,youraiseyourglasses.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞做時(shí)間狀語4.It"sacustominChinatohavesometeabeforethemealisserved.It做形式主語5.Manypeoplelikethisfilmnotjustbecause...,butalsobecause...并列連詞
6.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing...動(dòng)名詞做主賓語☆重點(diǎn)詞匯☆1.commentv.評(píng)論
2.marryv.結(jié)婚3.createv.創(chuàng)造4.attackv.進(jìn)攻5.crueltyn.殘酷6.escapev.逃跑7.advicen.忠告;建議8.affordv.花得起(錢、時(shí)間)9.encouragev.鼓勵(lì)10.researchn.研究11.interruptv.打斷;打擾12.apologizev.道歉13.prayv.請(qǐng)求;祈禱14.forgivev.原諒;寬恕15.matchv.相配;相適應(yīng)16.mannersn.禮貌17.impressionn.印象
18.liveadj.&adv.活的;直播的(地)19.customn.習(xí)慣;風(fēng)俗20.introducevt.介紹;引進(jìn)☆重點(diǎn)短語☆
1.takeoff脫掉;起飛;成功2.gowrong出錯(cuò);出問題
3.can"thelpdoing情不自禁做某事4.takeone"splace代替某人5.runafter追逐;追蹤
6.winaprize獲獎(jiǎng)
7.thinkhighlyof贊揚(yáng)……;對(duì)……高度評(píng)價(jià)
8.callfor需要;索取9.inall總共
10.playarole扮演角色(作用)11.makemoney掙錢12.winover爭取過來13.workon從事,致力于
14.owesuccessto把成功歸功于某人15.startwith以……開始16.runawayfromschool逃學(xué)17.ontheair正在播出的18.doresearch進(jìn)行調(diào)查19.speedup加速
20.followthefashion追隨時(shí)尚
☆短語闖關(guān)☆
下列短語都是這兩個(gè)單元學(xué)過的重要短語,請(qǐng)你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填入一個(gè)正確的詞,每個(gè)詞4分,80分才
能過關(guān)。你一定能過關(guān),做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?
l.____screen銀幕,電影(業(yè))
2.take____成功;成名;脫掉(衣服);(飛機(jī))起飛3.____wrong走錯(cuò)路;誤入歧途;不對(duì)頭;出毛病4.owesth____sb把……歸功于某人5.____all總共;總之6.stay____不在家,外出7.____school小學(xué)
8.locksb____將某人鎖于某處不得進(jìn)出;將某人監(jiān)禁起來9.run____追趕
10.bringsb____送回某人
11.____theair正在播出的
12.thinkhighly____對(duì)……高度評(píng)價(jià)13.leave____省去;遺漏;不考慮14.stare____盯著
15.make____aboutsb以某人為笑柄
16.drink(atoast)____為……祝酒;為……干杯17.win____戰(zhàn)勝
18.____commentson對(duì)……加以評(píng)論19.looksb____看望,拜訪某人
20.____arolein在……中扮演角色;在……方面起作用21.____aprize獲獎(jiǎng)
22.tosbfor(doing)sth因某事向某人道歉
23.makeagoodimpression____給……留下好印象24.____silent保持沉默25.payavisit____拜訪☆交際用語☆
1.Whatdoyouthinkhashappened?2.Whatdoyouknowabout…?
3.Howdoyoulike…?/Whatdoyouthinkof…?/Whatdbyoufeel...?4.MayIinterruptyouforamoment?
5.Excuseme/Forgivemefor.../Iapologizefor…6.I"m(very/so/terribly)sorry.It"sallmyfault.7.That"sallright./That"sOK./Noproblem.8.Iwishyouallthebest.9.I"msorry.Ididn"tmeanto...10.Let"sdrink(atoast)to...!☆單詞聚焦☆
1.afford
(1)(和can,could,beableto連用)有(時(shí)間、經(jīng)濟(jì)等)條件(做某事)+todoWecan"taffordtopaysuchaprice.afford+n./pron.(出得起;買得起等)
Theydonotconsiderwhethertheycanafforditornot.
(2)經(jīng)得起(做某事或發(fā)生某事)(多+todo)Hecouldnotaffordtolosehisfortuneentirely.2.apologize的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:apologyn.辯解,道歉▲搭配:
①apologizetosbfor(doing)sth=makeanapology的sbfor(doing)sth向某人為某事(為做了某事)道歉
②apologizeforoneself為自己辯解或辯護(hù)
【考例】[NMET1993]Thecaptain____anapologytothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweather.
A.madeB.saidC.putD.passed[考查目標(biāo)]apologize及其名詞的用法和搭配。[答案與解析]Amakeanapology的意思是“道歉”。3.choice的用法▲搭配:
①makeachoice選擇
②makechoiceof挑選,選擇,選定③make/takeone"schoice任意挑選
④havenochoicebuttodosth非……不可,除……之外別無他法
【考例】[MET1993]We"vemissedthelastbus,I"mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.A.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection[考查目標(biāo)]choice的意思和習(xí)慣搭配。
[答案與解析]Bchoice是choose的名詞形式.意思是“選擇”,在本句中構(gòu)成固定搭配havenochoicebuttodosth“不得不干……”。
4.determine的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:determinationn.決心,決斷,決意;決定,確定▲搭配:
①determinetodosth決定做某事②determineon/upon(doing)sth決定
③amanofdetermination有決斷力的人
▲辨析:decide;determine這兩個(gè)詞都有“決定”的意思。decide的含義是“不再遲疑不定”,而
determine含義是“把某件事確定下來”。
在bedeterminedtodo…這個(gè)固定的結(jié)構(gòu)中。過去分詞determined的詞義為“下定了決心”。decide的名詞為decision,determine的名詞為determination。例如:Atfirst,shedecidedtogotothepolice,…起初,她決定去找警察……
▲友情提示:decide后跟賓語從句時(shí),其含義有時(shí)是“斷
定”。IdecidedthatImusthavetakenawrongturningsomewhere.我斷定我一定是在某處拐錯(cuò)彎了。Thedeterminationofthemeaningofawordisoftendifficultwithoutacontext.脫離上下文來確定一個(gè)詞的含義常常是困難的。
注:在determinetodo...,determineon(upon)...和determinethat...。(賓語從句)三個(gè)搭配中,determine的詞義和decide幾乎沒有多大差異。Hedetermined/decidedtolearnmedicine.他決定學(xué)醫(yī)。
注:decidesbtodosth決定使某人做某事Whatdecidedyoutogiveupyourjob?什么因素使你決定放棄你的工作?【考例】[201*京皖春招]BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle,hemustknowwhyitdoesnotwork.Forexample,hemust____thepartsthatarewrong.
A.checkB.determineC.correctD.recover[考查目標(biāo)]determine的用法。
[答案與解析]Bdetermine和decide在一般情況下意思相同。5.encourage的用法▲構(gòu)詞:
①encouragingadj.鼓勵(lì)的,給予希望的,振奮人心的。令人歡欣鼓舞的②encouragedadj.被激勵(lì)的,受到鼓舞的③encouragementn.鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì)
④discouragev.使泄氣;勸阻▲搭配:①encouragesbtodosth鼓勵(lì)某人做某事②beencouragedby受……鼓勵(lì)/鼓舞【考例】[201*北京]Myadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metaking
C.formetotakeD.metotake[考查目標(biāo)]encourage的用法。
[答案與解析]Dencouragesbtodosth鼓勵(lì)某人干某事。句意為:我的導(dǎo)師鼓勵(lì)我參加一個(gè)夏季課程來提高我的寫作技巧。
6.escape(vi,vt)escaped,escaping
(1)逃走;跑掉+from/outof=runawayfromThesoldierescapedfromtheenemy"sprison.(2)逃脫;逃避+n./doing
Henarrowlyescapeddeath/beingkilled.There"snowaytoescapedoingthework.escape還可表示:
①(液體等)漏出gasescapingfromthepipe煤氣從管中漏出Waterescapedrapidlyfromthedrainpipe.水從排水管中迅速流出。
②避免escapeddeath免于一死Thereisnoescapinghim.怎么也避不開他。
③疏忽,忽略Nothingescapedhisattention.什么也逃不過他的注意。Youcannotexpectthatsomethingmayescapetheteacher"sattention.你不要奢望有什么能逃過老師的注意。escapen
①逃走Thethiefmadehisescape.小偷逃走了。
②(氣體)漏出,泄出;解悶Shereadslovestoriesasanescape.她讀愛情小說解悶。7.hunt的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:huntern.獵人,搜尋者▲搭配:
①huntfor/after追獵;尋找,搜尋②huntout找出;調(diào)查出
【考例】Hewanderedinthestreet,____anewjacketforhisnephew.A.huntingforB.waitingforC.shootingforD.aimingfor[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查huntfor的意思。
[答案與解析]Ahuntfor原來是“獵取”的意思,引中為“搜尋,尋找”。
8.impressionn.印象
(1)impression(onsb.)(給某人)印象Hisspeechmadeastrongimpressiononhisaudience.(2)impression(ofsth.)(對(duì)某事物)印象;想法That"smyfirstimpressionofthenewcollege.(3)impresssb.withsth.給予某人深刻印象=impresssth.onsb.使某人銘記Theteacherimpressedonhisstudentstheimportanceofspeaking.=Theteacherimpre-ssedhisstudentswiththeimportanceofspeaking.9.interrupt的用法vt,vi①阻斷;中斷Don"tinterruptme.別打斷我。Trafficinthecitywasinterruptedbyasnowstorm.市內(nèi)交通被暴風(fēng)雪所阻斷。
②打岔;插嘴Itisrudetointerrupt.打斷別人的話,是不禮貌的!癉on"tinterrupt,”hesaid.“別插話,”他說。
▲構(gòu)詞:
①interruptern.打岔者,打斷者
②interruptionn.打岔.打斷,使中斷的事物
【考例】[201*山西模擬]Bequiet!It"srudeto____peoplewhentheyaretalking.A.stopB.introduceC.preventD.interrupt[考查目標(biāo)]interrupt的詞義。
[答案與解析]Dinterrupt的意思是“打斷;使中斷”.后接指人或指物的各種名詞。
10.marry
(1)vi.結(jié)婚Hedidn"tmarryuntilhewasfifty.(2)vt.和……結(jié)婚JeanisgoingtomarryHubert.
(3)vt.(父母)嫁(女兒)Hemarriedhisdaughtertoabusinessman.
(4)vt.(教士等)為……主持結(jié)婚儀式We"vecometoaskifyouwillmarrythem.[比較]
(1)getmarried(tosb.)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作Hisoldestgirlgotmarriedlastmonth.(2)bemarried(tosb.)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)
Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?11.moment的用法n.①片刻;瞬間Hewillbehereinamoment.他一會(huì)兒就來。AtthemomentIamworking.此刻我正在工作。
②時(shí)機(jī);機(jī)遇;時(shí)宜Chooseyourmomenttovisithim.你選個(gè)合適的時(shí)機(jī)去拜訪他。③重要性amatterofgreatmoment一件極重要的事情▲搭配:
①atanymoment隨時(shí);在任何時(shí)候;馬上②atthelastmoment在最后關(guān)頭③atthemoment此刻;(正當(dāng))那時(shí)④everymoment時(shí)時(shí)刻刻
⑤foramoment片刻
⑥inamoment一會(huì)兒,不久;立即,馬上⑦themoment(that)...一……就……
【考例】[NMET201*II]"CanI?Idon"tthinkIcan,"Racysaidwithalaugh."ButIdohave____whenthingscometomefornoreason."
A.eventsB.chancesC.feelingsD.moments[考查目標(biāo)]moment的詞義。
[答案與解析]Dmoment可以指“時(shí)刻”,在本句中用了復(fù)數(shù),意思是“一些次”。12.owe的用法owed,owing▲搭配:
①(常與for連用)欠,欠債Ioweyouforyourhelp.我感謝你的幫助。(也可以是owesth.或owesb.sth)Thefoodcost£4,butIonlypaid£3soIstillowe£1.食品要4英鎊,可我只付了3英鎊,因此我還欠1英鎊。Ioweyouanapology.我該向你道歉!頾wesbsthforsth或owesthtosbforsth為…欠某人…
②對(duì)…負(fù)有義務(wù);感恩;感激Weoweourparentsalot.我們十分感激父母。
③(常與to連用)歸功于;由于Sheoweshersuccesstogoodluck.她把成功歸功于幸運(yùn)。Theyoungwriterowedhissuccesstohisteacher"sencouragement.年輕作家把自己的成功歸于他老師的鼓勵(lì)。
【考例】[201*湖北]"HowmuchdoI____you?""Oh,no,"Paulsaid.A.OweB.lendC.giveD.offer[考查目標(biāo)]考查owe的詞義和用法。
[答案與解析]Aowe表示“欠”的時(shí)候是及物動(dòng)詞,可以接雙賓語。13.reasonn.原因;理由
(1)+todosth.Youhaven"tanyreasontoleaveme.
(2)+forsth./doingPeoplemusthaveareasonforsayingsuchthings.
(3)+從句;從句用why/forwhich引導(dǎo)Thatisthereasonwhyyoushouldleave.(4)for+reason,為了某種原因Heisretiringforreasonsofhealth.[比較]cause“原因;起因”
thecauseofthefire火災(zāi)的起因(引起某種后果的起因)thereasonforbeinglate遲到的理由(做某件事的理由)
14.role
(1)(戲劇中的)角色Oliverplayed(acted)therole/partofHamlet.(2)(現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的)身份;作用
WhatisyourroleontheCommittee?
(3)playa...rolein...=playa...partin在……中扮演……角色或作用Theheadmasterplaysanimportantrole/partinthegoodrunningofaschool.15.servev.
(1)為……服務(wù)/工作Aslaveserveshismaster.
(2)接待(顧客)Theshopassistantisservingacustomer.(3)侍候吃飯,端(菜);供應(yīng)(飯菜)Lunchisservednow.
(4)serveas充任(某職務(wù))作……用Sheservedasamodelforseveralpainters./Thisboxwillserveas/foraseat.16.speed的用法▲搭配:
①atahighspeed以很大的速度
②atfull/topspeed用全速,開足馬力,盡力(快)地;③withgreat/anspeed用全速,開足馬力
④speedup加速,快點(diǎn)
【考例】Wehadtriedourbestbutthebossstillshouted,"____!"A.SpeedupB.NohurryC.WaitaminuteD.Slowdown
[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查speed及其構(gòu)成的短語的意思。[答案與解析]Aspeedup意思是“加速,快點(diǎn)”的意思。17.stare的用法vi,vt--stared,staring凝視,注視
Hestaredatthewordtryingtorememberwhatitmeant.他盯著這個(gè)單詞,努力想記起它的意思。
[習(xí)慣用語]stareoneintheface近在眼前;擺在眼前
▲辨析:gaze;stare;glare這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義是“凝視”。
gaze表示“目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看”,并含有“驚嘆”、“羨慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如:Shegazedatthecarpetforsometime,andthenadded,"Youdon"tneedbookcasesatall."她對(duì)地毯凝視了一會(huì)兒,然后補(bǔ)充說:“你根本不需要書柜!
stare特別表示“睜大眼睛凝視”,并含有“驚奇”、“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思。例如:Thenoblestaredattheblanksheetofpaperforafewseconds.那位貴族對(duì)那張空白紙凝視了幾秒鐘。glare表示“兇狠而且?guī)в型{性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如:Thetrappedeagleglaredathiscaptors.被誘捕到的雄鷹兇狠地瞪著捕獲它的人。
【考例】[NMET1999]____himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch[考查目標(biāo)]stare等近義詞辨別。
[答案與解析]Dwatch意思是“觀察”,是長時(shí)問關(guān)注;而stareat卻是“盯著”。含有驚奇、傲慢的感情色彩。
18.trouble(1)麻煩;煩惱;煩心的事(可數(shù),不可數(shù))Itisapitytogiveyousomuchtrouble./Lifeisfulloftroubles.
(2)困難;費(fèi)事(不可數(shù))havetroublewithsth./havetrouble(in)doingsth.(=difficulty)Didyouhavemuchtroubleinfindingthepostoffice?/Ihopeyouwon"thaveanytroublewiththework.
[相關(guān)短語]
(1)askfortrouble自尋煩惱;自找麻煩Whatmadeyouwritesuchaletter?Itwasaskingfortrouble.
(2)(be)introuble有煩事;有困難;出事;惹麻煩Henevercameexceptwhenhewasintrouble.
(3)putsb.totrouble給某人造成麻煩;增添麻煩Iamsorryforputtingyoutosomuchtrouble.
(4)taketroubletodosth.費(fèi)心做某事;費(fèi)心Itwasgoodofyoutotakethetroubletohelpus.[牛刀小試1]用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:(speed,owe,encourage,decide,moment,apologize)
1.willneverforgetthe____givenbyMr.Wang,whichhelpedmeovercomealotdifficulty.2.Ihavemadea___thateverydepartmentinourcompanyshouldbuyacomputerofthiskind.3.Irecognizedthemanthe____Isawhimatthecorner.4.Sinceitwasabitlater,wehadto____up.
5.Wemust____oursuccesstoourparentsandteachers.
6.Theparentscamefromthefar-awayvillage,makingan____fortheirnaughtyson.☆詞語比較☆
1.win,beat,defeat表示獲勝、取勝的詞語
(1)winv.贏……,獲勝,接比賽或獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)winagame/aprize/anhonor/arace./Ourteamwonthegame8to7./Hewonbyfivepoints./Hewonherloveatlast./Hewonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.
(2)beat+對(duì)手,表打敗(尤指體育比賽)Icaneasilybeathimatgolf.(3)defeat表戰(zhàn)勝,接對(duì)手Theenemywasdefeatedinthebattle.2.intheend,finally,atlast
三者均可表示“(經(jīng)過周折、等待、耽誤)最后,終于”之意。不同的是:
finally一般用在句中動(dòng)詞前面,而atlast與intheend的位則較為靈活;
三者中atlast語氣最為強(qiáng)烈,且可單獨(dú)作為感嘆句使用。Afterputtingitoffthreetimes,wefinallymanagedtohaveaholidayinDalian./Atlastheknewthemeaningoflife./Atlast!Whereonearthhaveyoubeen?/Butintheendhegavein.
另外,finally還可用在列舉事項(xiàng)時(shí),引出最后一個(gè)內(nèi)容,相當(dāng)于lastly。Firstly,weshouldmakeaplan;secondly,weshouldcarryitout;finallyweshouldmakeaconclu-sion.
3.bysea,bythesea,inthesea,onthesea,atsea(1)bysea“走海路,乘船”,用來表示交通方式,同byship同義。Theseheavyboxesshouldbesentbysea.
(2)bythesea“在海邊”,相當(dāng)于by(at)theseaside。ThechildrenenjoyedthemselvesbytheseaonChildren"sDay.
(3)inthesea“在海里,在海水中”Therearemanyplantsandanimalsinthesea.(4)onthesea“在海面上”,“在海岸邊”。Iwanttoliveinatownwithabeautifulpositiononthesea.
(5)atsea在海上;在航海Whenhewokeup,theshipwasatsea.
4.beafraid,beafraidtodosth.,beafraidof(doing)sth.
(1)beafraid意為“擔(dān)心,害怕”,多用于口語,常用來表示一種歉意,或遺憾,后可接so或not,也可接that從句。I"mafraid(that)其語意相當(dāng)于I"msorry,but...。
--Areweontime?我們準(zhǔn)時(shí)嗎?--I"mafraidnot.恐怕不準(zhǔn)時(shí)。I"mafraidyou"llgetcaughtintherain.
(2)beafraidtodosth常表示“由于膽小而不敢做某事”。Sheisafraidtobeherealone./Heisafraidtojumpintotheriverfromthebridge.
(3)beafraidof(doing)sth.常表示“擔(dān)心或害怕某事(發(fā)生)”。Iwasafraidofhurtingherfeelings.
5.live,living,alive,lively(1)liveadj.
①活的;活生生的;(只修飾生物;只作前定語)Thelaboratoryisdoingexperimentswithseverallivemonkeys.
②實(shí)況直播的(不是錄音)Itwasn"tarecordedshow.Itwaslive.③帶電的;燃著的;可爆炸的Thisisalivewire.
(2)livingadj.活著的,有生命的(作表語或定語)Shewas,hethought,thebestlivingnovelistinEngland./Theoldmanisstillliving.(或alive)
(3)aliveadj.①活著的;②有活力的;有生氣作后定語:Who"sthegreatestmanalive?
作表語:Wasthesnakealiveordead?/Mygrandmotherismorealivethanalotofyoungpeople.
作補(bǔ)語:Let"skeepthefishalive.
(4)livelyadj.活潑的;有生氣的;活躍的(作表語或定語)Themusicisbrightandlively.6.takeoff,takedown,takein,takeon,takeup
(1)takeoff
①(飛機(jī))起飛Ahelicopterisabletotakeoffandlandstraightupordown.②脫下(衣裳等);取下Hetookoffhiswetshoes./Whotooktheknoboffthedoor?③休假;請(qǐng)假;歇工Whenhiswifewassickhetookofffromwork.
④(指觀念、產(chǎn)品)大受歡迎;(事業(yè))突然發(fā)達(dá),成功Thenewtypeofcellphoneshasreallytakenoff./Hisbusinessbegantotakeoffwhenhewasinhisforties.
(2)takedown
①拿下來;取下來Hereacheduptothethirdshelfofthebookcaseandtookdownadictionary.
②記下來Hereadoutthenamesandhissecretarytookthemdown.
(3)takein
①接受(房客,客人等);收留Thefarmerstookinthelosttravelersforthenight.②理解;領(lǐng)會(huì);明白Theboyscouldnottakeinhismeaning.
③包括;涉及Thestudyofphysicstakesinmanydifferentsubjects.
(4)takeon
①接受;從事(某工作)Afterhisfatherdied,Billtookonthemanagementofthefactory.②雇用Isthesupermarkettakingonanymoreassis-tant?③具有(新面貌、意思等)Thecityhastakenonanewlook.
④使上當(dāng);欺騙Wewerecompletelytakeninbyherstory.
(5)takeup
①從事某項(xiàng)活動(dòng);發(fā)展某種愛好Somanyyoungmenwanttotakeupwriting.②開始做(某項(xiàng)工作);開始學(xué)習(xí)(某個(gè)課程)Thenshetookupthetaskofgettingthebreakfast./Hedroppedmedicineandtookupphysics.
③占去(時(shí)間或空間)Themeetingtookupthewholemorning./Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.
④接受I"dliketotakeupyourofferofarideintotown.7.callfor,callon,callup
(1)callfor
①來找(某人);來取(某物)I"llcallforyouatyourhouse.②要求;需要Successinschoolcallsformuchhardwork.
(2)callon
①callon/uponsb.拜訪;去會(huì)(某人)Ihopetocallonyouatyourofficeat3o’clocktoday.②callon/uponsb.todosth.請(qǐng)/叫某人做某事Hecalleduponmetospeakimmediately.③號(hào)召;呼吁;要求ThePresidentcalledonhispeopletoservethecountry.
(3)callup
①給……打電話(英ringup)Itriedtocallyouuplastnight,butnooneansweredthephone.②征召入役;調(diào)用(后備部隊(duì))Threeboysinourstreetwerecalleduplastweek.
8.toomuch,muchtoo
(1)toomuch“太多”之意,可以作形容詞,修飾不可數(shù)名詞,也可作副詞,修飾動(dòng)詞。
Thereistoomuchrainhereinspring./Shetalkedtoomuchatthemeeting.
(2)muchtoo“簡直太,過于”,只能作副詞,用來修飾形容詞或別的副詞,不能修飾動(dòng)詞。Thisbookismuchtoodifficultforme./Theoldmanwalksmuchtooslowly.
9.custom,habit
(1)custom指傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗,也可指生活習(xí)慣,后接不定式。Theybrokesomeoftheoldcustoms./ItisthecustominChinatoeatdumplingsduringthespringFestival.(2)habit指個(gè)人生活習(xí)慣!(有)養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣”常
用bein/fallinto/getinto/form/havethehabitofdoingsth.句型;“戒掉……習(xí)慣”常用giveup/kick/breakawayfrom/getoutofthehabitofdoingsth.句型。It"seasytogetintoabadhabitbutitshardtogiveitup./Thedrugeasilygetoneintothehabitofsmoking.10.arise,rise,raise
raisevt.“使……上升;升起;提高”等;
risevi.“上升;升起”;
arisevi.“站起來(standup)”,“起床(getup)”,rise和arise用作站起,起床都屬正式用法;arise主要表示“出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生”等意思。Sheraisedhervoiceinanger.(抬高)Thewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.(刮起)Thechildrosefromthegroundandrantohismother.(=Thechildraisedhimselffromthegroundandrantohismother.)(爬起)Sherisesbeforeitislight.(起床)Difficultieswillariseaswedothework.(出現(xiàn))☆短語歸納☆
1.can"thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事,不由得不做某事
Shecouldn"thepsmiling.[比較]
(1)can"thelpbutdo不得不……;不能不Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcan"thelpbutgetyourshoeswet.
(2)cannotbut不能不,只能Hecouldnotbutfeeldisappointed.[歸納]
(1)help(sb.)(to)dosth.Helpmegethimbacktobedatonce./Byhelpingthemwearehelpingsaveourselves.
(2)help...withsth.幫助……做某事Inthosedaysheusedtohelphermotherwithhergardening.
(3)helponeself/sb.tosth.給自己/別人夾菜/拿煙等;擅自拿用MayIhelpyoutosomemorevegetables?
(4)help...insth.在……方面幫助某人SheofferedtohelpRoseinthehousekeepingwhenIamnothere.
(5)helpout幫忙(做事;克服困難等)I"veoftenhelpedBoboutwhenhe"sbeenabitshortofmoney.
2.含go的短語
①goaround到處走/跑.(疾病)流傳,(謠言)傳開;goafter追求;goahead說吧,請(qǐng)吧,做吧;goaway離開,出去
②goback走網(wǎng)頭路,翻悔改變;gobad變壞;goboating去劃船③gofishing去釣魚;goforawalk去散步④gohiking去徒步旅行;gohome回家
⑤goinfor喜愛,從事于;gointo進(jìn)入,加入⑥gomad發(fā)瘋
⑦gooff離去,去世;goon繼續(xù),進(jìn)展,依據(jù);goondoing繼續(xù)做;goout出去,發(fā)出去,熄滅,不時(shí)興;goover研究,檢查,搜查
⑧goshopping去商店;goskating去滑冰;gostraightalong沿著;goswimming去游泳⑨gothrough通過,經(jīng)受,仔細(xì)檢查;gotobed上床⑩goup上升
gowrong走錯(cuò)路,誤入歧途
[例句]We"llgothroughtheitemsonebyone.我們要逐條研究。Shehasgonebacktoheroldhabits.她又回到了已往的習(xí)慣。ComeonSundaybyyourself-wecangooverthehousetogether.星期天你要過來.我們一起檢查一下房子。Hisspeechwentonforsolongthatpeoplebegantofallasleep.他的演講持續(xù)很長時(shí)間,結(jié)果人們開始想睡。Thatexpressionhasgoneout.NobodyUsesittoday.那個(gè)短語已經(jīng)過時(shí)了,現(xiàn)在沒有人在用它。Theyoungfellowhasn"trealizedthathehasgonewrong.這個(gè)年輕人還沒有意識(shí)到他已經(jīng)誤入歧途。Tiredofgoingshoppingwithhiswife,Mr.Liupretendedtohavesomethingimportanttodo.厭煩與妻子一起去購物,劉先生假裝有重要的事情要做。
【考例2】(201*北京)Idon"t____rock"n"roll.It"smuchtoonoisyformytaste.A.goafterB.goawaywith
C.gointoD.goinfor
[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查四個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語的意思。
[答案與解析]Dgoafter追求;goawaywith帶走;gointo進(jìn)入,加入;goinfor喜愛,愛好。根據(jù)句子意思“搖滾音樂太嘈雜。不合乎我的口味.所以我不喜歡”。
【考例】(NMET1998)Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto____.
A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout
[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查四個(gè)短語的意思。
[答案與解析]Dputup掛起;givein屈服;turnon打開;goout熄滅。本句話意思是“沒有人注意到賊溜進(jìn)了屋子,因?yàn)闊襞銮上缌恕薄?/p>
3.gowrong
(1)走錯(cuò)路;弄錯(cuò)方向
(2)失。徊豁樌鸄llourplanswentwrong./Everythingwentwronginthosedays.(3)發(fā)生故障Theclockwentwrong.[比較]表示“變?yōu)椤钡南祫?dòng)詞
(1)go表示由積極向消極方面變化Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.又如:gomad/pale/blind/hungry
(2)become/get表示由積極向消極或消極向積極方
面變化Theweatherisgettingquitewarm./Graduallyhebecamesilent.
(3)turn多接表顏色的詞Thisinkturnsblackwhenitdries./Heusedtobeateachertillheturnedwriter.
注意:becomeawriter
(4)grow側(cè)重變化過程Theseaisgrowingcalm.(5)fall進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)Allthreechildrenfellasleep.4.owe...to...受到恩惠;歸功于……
(1)欠(錢)owesb.money=owemoneytosb.Iowe£50tomytailor.=Iowemytailor£50.
(2)得過(某人的)好處;欠(某人的)人情債Weoweagreatdealtoourparentsandteachers.(3)應(yīng)當(dāng)給予Youowemeanapology.(4)……應(yīng)歸功于;……都虧得
WeowethegeneraltheoryofrelativitytoEinstein.
[拓展]表示“由于”的詞組:owingto/becauseof/thanksto/dueto/asaresultof
5.takeone"splace
(1)入座,站好位,取得地位Takeyourplaces,please.Weareabouttostart.
(2)takeone"splace=taketheplaceofsb.代替(職務(wù)或工作等);接替ElectrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinEngland.[比較]
(1)inplace(of)代替;……而不用Thegrown-upshadcoffeebutthechildrenwantedmilkinplaceofcoffee.
(2)takeone"sseat在自己座位上坐下;有時(shí)等于takeone"splace:Moremenenteredandtooktheirseats.
6.thinkhighlyof贊揚(yáng)表贊賞的詞有:
(1)think/speakhighly/well/much...of:Thepeoplethinkveryhighlyofhim.表認(rèn)為不好的詞有:
(2)thinklittle/badly/poorly/nothing...of:Joanthoughtlittleofwalkingtwomilestoschool.7.含“動(dòng)詞+away”的短語①②③④
doawaywith去掉
getaway逃脫,(使)離開goaway離去,出去
putaway放好,把……收拾起來,存(錢)以備它日之用
⑤runaway逃走,離開⑥smoothaway去除,克服
⑦stayaway(from)不在家,外出
⑧takeaway拿走,帶走,奪去,使離去⑨t(yī)hrowaway扔掉.浪費(fèi).坐失(良機(jī))
[例句]Don"tthrowawaysuchagoodchance.Oryou"llregret.不要放棄這么好的機(jī)會(huì),不然的話,你會(huì)后悔
的。Putawaythetoolsbeforeyouleave.離開前把工具收拾好。Whydidyoustayawayfromschool?你為什么不去上學(xué)?IhadhopedtotakeagoodholidaythisyearbutIwasn"tabletogetaway.我本打算今年好好去度假,但是我離不開。【考例】(201*重慶)Beforethewarbrokeout,manypeople____insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem.
A.threwawayB.putaway
C.gaveawayD.carriedaway
[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查“動(dòng)詞+away”四個(gè)短語的意思。[答案與解析]Bthrowaway扔掉;putway放好,把……收拾起來;giveaway分發(fā).泄露;carryaway沖走。本句話意思是“在戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)以前,許多人把他們不
能帶走的財(cái)產(chǎn)藏在了安全的地方”。
8.含“動(dòng)詞+off”的短語①dropoff放下,下車②falloff(從……)掉下來
③getoff(從……)下來,動(dòng)身,起飛,脫下來④giveoff發(fā)出,放出⑤jumpoff跳離
⑥putoff推遲,延期
⑦setoff出發(fā),引起,啟程
⑧seesboff為某人送行,為……送行⑨switchoff關(guān)掉
⑩takeoff脫,去掉,起飛,匆匆離開,成名throwoff匆忙脫掉
turnoff關(guān)掉,避開,拐彎
[例句]Theelectricitysupplymustbeturnedoffatthemainsbeforeyouchangethelightingcircuit.在改變火線前,主干線的電力供應(yīng)必須切斷。MrsGareyasusualwenttothedoortoseehimoff.Garey夫人像通常一樣把他送到門口。Hehadtoputoffanappointmentwithmeonaccountofillness.因?yàn)榧膊〉木壒,他不得不推遲了與我的約會(huì)。Beforethebodyofthecarcanbeproperlyrepaired,alltheexternalfittingsmustbetakenoff.車身適當(dāng)修理前,所有外部的配件必須拿下來。Thefiredoesn"tseemtobegivingoffmuchheat.這爐火好像不大熱。
【考例】(201*廣東)JohnisleavingforLondontomorrowandIwill____him____attheairport.A.send...awayB.leave...offC.see...offD.show...around
[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語seeoff的用法。
[答案與解析]Cseeoff意為“給某人送行”;sendaway意為“派遣”;leaveoff意為“停止,不再穿”;showaround意為“帶領(lǐng)某人參觀”。[牛刀小試2]
在下列句子的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞。
1.Mygrandmotherhadput____over$50,000whenshewassixtyfiveyearsold.
2.Hismotherhadthoughtitwouldbegoodforhischarac-tertoget____homeandearnsomemoneyonhisown.
3.Themarketwasfilled____saltedfish,givingtheworstsmellthatyoucanimagine.
4.--Whatdoyouthinkthecontest?--IwastoldthattheEnglishSpeechContestwent____successfullylastnight.
5.Ifyouhadgone____yourtestpapercarefullybeforehandingitinyouwouldhavemadefewermistakes.
☆句型詮釋☆
1.Thereasonwhyhecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradesweretoolow.他沒能上電影學(xué)院是因?yàn)樗姆謹(jǐn)?shù)太低了。
該句巾的why引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句,而that引導(dǎo)表語從句。
1.句中that引導(dǎo)的表語從句說明主語reason的具體內(nèi)容,往往被看作是固定句型:Thereasonis/wasthatclause.當(dāng)主語是reason/cause時(shí),一般不能用because或why引導(dǎo)表語從句,以免造成語意重復(fù)。當(dāng)主語是This/That時(shí),可以由because/why引導(dǎo)表語從句。例如:OnereasonisthatpeopletraveledtoAmericafromallEuropeancountries.
【考例】(NMET1999)
--IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where[考查目標(biāo)]表語從句。
[答案與解析]A句子的意思是“那就是你請(qǐng)了幾天假的原因嗎?”因此可知答案為why。2.why在句中是關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞reason,同時(shí)它在定語從句中作狀語,此時(shí)why=forwhich,但要注意:關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時(shí),要用關(guān)系代詞that或which。
【考例】(201*上海春招)Isthisthereason____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained
C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained[考查目標(biāo)]定語從句。
[答案與解析]Awhat,how不能引導(dǎo)定語從句,排除B、C兩項(xiàng);thereason在定語從句中作explained的賓語,可填that/which,或者也可以省略。
2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.好多看過這個(gè)片子的人一想起片中鯊魚食人的場面.就不敢下海游泳了。
該句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜長句,從when到句子末尾是狀語從句,在從句中包含一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞scenes;在前面的主句里面。包含一個(gè)由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞people。例如:ThosewhowanttogocampingnextSundaysignyournameherebeforeclassisover.
定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇,要遵循“瞻前顧后”的原則,所謂“瞻前”即看前面的先行詞指人還是指物;“顧后”即后面的定語從句,看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作什么成分。例如:Thisisthefactorywhereheworks.(狀語)/Thisisthefactory(that/which)hevisited.(賓語)
【考例】(NMET1992)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn"tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom[考查目標(biāo)]定語從句。
[答案與解析]D“turntosbforhelp”為固定短語,意思是“向某人求助”,所以選towhom。3.Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaidthatheowesmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohiswifeandchildren.當(dāng)有人問起他成功的秘訣時(shí)。史蒂文斯皮爾伯格說起他的成功和幸福主要來自于妻子和孩子。
該句中的"when"是時(shí)間狀語從句的省略形式。在狀語從句中,如果從句主語與主句主語一致或從句主語是it,而且從句謂語動(dòng)詞是be或包含be時(shí),常常將從句主語與be省略。例如:AlthoughborninChicago,theauthorisfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork.
【考例】(201*上海春招)Unless___tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited[考查目標(biāo)]狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象。
[答案與解析]Aunless為連詞,后面省略了youare,所以選invited。
4.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing,forexample,howtouseknivesandforks,whentodrinkatoastandhowtobehaveatthetable.在餐桌上,懂禮節(jié)意味著你知道如何使用刀叉,何時(shí)祝酒以及如何在用餐時(shí)舉止得體。
該句中havinggoodmanners為v-ing形式作主語。例如:Collectingstampsisoneofhis
hobbies.
▲友情提示:在v-ing形式前加形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格,構(gòu)成v-ing復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作主語、賓語。
【考例5】(201*上海)Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and____.A.he"dliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsgiveshimgreatpleasure[考查目標(biāo)]v-ing作主語。
[答案與解析]DA、B、C三項(xiàng)句法都無錯(cuò)誤,但在and連接的并列句中,兩個(gè)簡單句的主語要保持一致的形式fishingandcollectingcoins分別做兩個(gè)簡單句的主語。
5.It"spolitetofinisheatingeverythingonyourplate,sodon"ttakemorefoodthanyouneed.餐盤里的東西要吃光才禮貌,所以不要多拿。
該句中的it為形式主語,真正的主語為tofinisheating…例如:It"snotrighttotelllies.撒謊是不對(duì)的。
it作為形式主語,真正的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式短語。常見的句型有:
1.It+be+adj.+todosth2.It+be+n.+todosth3.It+be+PP.todosth【考例】(201*上海)Infact____isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.
A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it[考查目標(biāo)]形式主語。
[答案與解析]D只有it才可以作形式主語。【句型歸納】
1.When/While/Though/Unless/If+n./adj./現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞……
狀語從句有些成分有時(shí)可省略,一般是主語和be省略;有時(shí)it和be可以省略:Hemadenoanswerwhen(heis)spokento./Though(hewas)borninChicago,theauthorismostfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork./Comebackearlyif(itis)possible.[注意]用法詳見Chapter10語法活用“省略和插入語”。2.Notonly/just…but(also)連接相同的句子成分
NotonlytheteacherbutallthestudentsaregoingtovisittheScienceMuseum.(連接主語時(shí)根據(jù)就近原則)/Theynotonlysangbut(also)dancedforawholenight./Manypeoplegotoseethisfilmnotjustbecausethefilmisinteresting,butalsotheleadingactorsandactressesareallworldfamous./Notonlydowelearnforourcountry,butwe"llworkforherinthefuture.(連接句子時(shí),notonly后的句子要部分倒裝)[牛刀小試3]
1.Thereason____youfailed,Ithink,was____youhadturnedadeafeartoyourmother"sadvice.
A.that;becauseB.why;because
C.why;thatD.forthat;that
2.TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear"spartywasagreatsuccess.(201*全國卷I)
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
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