人教版高一英語必修一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

Unit1friendship目標(biāo)話題Friendsandfriendship同意和不同意Iagree.Yes,IthinksoSodoIMetoo.目標(biāo)功能ExactlyNoproblemSure.Certainly.Ofcourse.Allright.Noway.直接引語和間接引語:陳述句和疑問句1.陳述句“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary”saidAnne.目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.2.一般疑問句“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?”thewriterasksusThewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld目標(biāo)話題Englishlanguageanditsdevelopment語言交際困難Pardon?Ibegyourpardon?Idon’tunderstand.目標(biāo)功能Couldyousaythatagain,please?Sorry,Ican’tfollowyou.直接引語和間接引語:請(qǐng)求與命令“Lookatthisexample.”TheteachersaidtouaTheteachertoldustolookatthatexample.目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)“wouldyouliketoseemyflat”sheaskedSheaskedmetoseeherflat.

Unit3traveljournal目標(biāo)話題Travlling,describingajourney1.討論未來的計(jì)劃Whenareyouleaving?Whereareyoustaying?Howareyougoingto?Howlongareyoustayingin….?目標(biāo)功能2.祝愿和告別Haveanice/goodtime!Haveanice/goodtrip/journey!Takecarehavefun!Bestwishes.Sayhelloto……現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來Wherearewegoing?目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)Whenareweleaving?Whenarewecomingback?

Unit4earthquakes目標(biāo)話題Basicknowledgeaboutearthquakes.談?wù)撨^去的經(jīng)歷Itwasterriblewhen……Itseemedasif…目標(biāo)功能Iremember……Ifelt……Nolongerafterthat……Luckily……定語從句目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系代詞that,which,whose,who,whom引導(dǎo)的從句.如:ThisisthegirlthatIteach.Unit5目標(biāo)話題Thequalitiesofagreatperson1.willingadj:desiringtodowhatiswanted;2.notobjectingeg.Theyarewillingtocome.eg.Heiswillingtodothejobwithoutpayment.’3.prisonn:buildingforconfiningpersonconvicted目標(biāo)功能oraccusedofacrimeeg.Hewassenttoprisonfordamagingpublicproperty.詞組beinprison在獄中，eg.Heisnowstillinprison.put/throwsbintoprison把某人投入監(jiān)獄Thetwonoblemenput/threwDr.Manetteintoprisonwithoutmercy.1.advisev:suggesteg.Weadvisedherthatshe(should)wait.這個(gè)詞跟suggest都表示建議之義，但要表示建議某人做某事只能用advisesbtodosth,不能用suggestsbtodosthadvise,suggest后接賓語從句時(shí),要用虛擬語氣。目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)其名詞形式為advice,是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞,要表達(dá)一條建議只能說成apieceofadvice2.equaladj:thesameinnumber,quality,size,etceg.Everybodyhadanequalchance.beequalto，befitfor勝任eg.Heisnotequaltothejob

擴(kuò)展閱讀：高一英語必修一知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(家教)

高一英語各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit1-2

☆重點(diǎn)句型☆

1.Whatshouldafriendbelike?詢問對(duì)方的看法2.Ithinkhe/sheshouldbe表示個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的詞語

3.Ienjoyreading/I"mfondofsinging/Ilikeplayingcomputergames.等表示喜好的詞語4.Chuckisonaflightwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.“when"作并列連詞的用法

5.What/Who/When/Whereisitthat...?強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)

6.WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglisheveryday,...“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語

7.Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?帶連接副詞(或代詞)的不定式做賓補(bǔ)的用法☆重點(diǎn)詞匯☆1.especiallyv.特別地2.imaginev.想像

3.aloneadv./adj.單獨(dú)，孤獨(dú)的4.interestn.興趣

5.everydayadj.每天的，日常的6.desertedadj.拋棄的7.huntv.搜尋8.sharev.分享

9.carev.在乎，關(guān)心10.totaln.總數(shù)

11.majorityn.大多數(shù)12.survivev.生存，活下來13.adventuren.冒險(xiǎn)14.scaredadj.嚇壞的15.admitv.承認(rèn)

16.whileconj.但是，而17.boringadj.令人厭煩的18.exceptprep.除之外19.qualityn.質(zhì)量

20.favouriteadj.最喜愛的☆重點(diǎn)短語☆1.befondof愛好

2.treatas把看作為

3.makefriendswith與交朋友

4.arguewithsb.about/oversth.與某人爭論某事5.huntfor尋找6.inorderto為了

7.sharewith與分享8.bringin引進(jìn)；賺錢

9.agreat/goodmany許多10.havedifficulty(in)doing做有困難11.endupwith以結(jié)束12.exceptfor除之外13.comeabout發(fā)生14.make(a)fire生火

15.makeyourselfathome別拘束16.themajorityof大多數(shù)17.dropsb.aline給某人寫短信18.forthefirsttime第一次19.atall根本；竟然

20.havea(good)knowledgeof精通☆短語闖關(guān)☆

下列短語都是這兩個(gè)單元學(xué)過的重要短語，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填人一個(gè)正確的詞，每個(gè)詞4分，80分才能過關(guān)，你一定能過關(guān)，做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?l.befond____喜歡，愛好of

2.hunt____搜索。追尋，尋找for3.into____為了order

4.care____擔(dān)心，關(guān)心about5.such____例如，諸如as

6.dropsba____給某人寫信(通常指寫短信)line7.makeoneselfat____別客氣home8.____total總共in

9.except____除了之外for10.stay____不睡，熬夜up11.____about發(fā)生come12.end____with以告終up13.bring____引進(jìn)，引來in

14.agreat____許許多多，極多many

15.be____對(duì)深感興趣，深深迷上into16.____theInternet上網(wǎng)surf

17.____classes逃學(xué)，逃課skip

18.get____聚會(huì)，相聚，聚集together19.beproud____為感到驕傲of20.keepan____on照看，注意eye21.becurious____對(duì)感到好奇about22.shut____(使)住口up23.joke____開玩笑about24.____thenameof以名義in25.____thetime總是，一直all☆交際用語☆1.Ithink…

Ilike/love/hate...Ienjoy...

Myinterestsare...2.Didyouhaveagoodflight?

Youmustbeverytired.Justmakeyourselfathome.Ibegyourpardon?

Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?Getit.

☆單詞聚焦☆

1.arguev.的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：argumentn.1.[C]爭論2.[U]討論．辯論3.[C]論據(jù)▲搭配：

①arguewith/againstsb.over/on/aboutsth.與某人爭論某事②arguefor/againststh.辯論贊成／反對(duì)某事

③arguethat...主張，認(rèn)為，爭辯說

④arguesbinto/outofdoingsth.說服某人做／不做某事

▲友情提示：“說服某人做／不做某事”還可表達(dá)為：talk/persuade/reasonsb.into/outofdoingsth.

⑤settletheargument解決爭端

▲友情提示：anargumentwithsbabout/oversth.為某事和某人而發(fā)生的爭執(zhí)

【考例】Whatlaughing____wehadaboutthesociallyrespectablemethodformovingspaghetti(意大利式細(xì)面條)fromplatetomouth.(201*全國卷I)A.speechesB.lessonsC.sayingsD.arguments[考查目標(biāo)]argue名詞形式的詞義。

[答案與解析]Dargument的詞義是“爭辯，辯論”。2.comparev.的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：comparisonn.比較

▲搭配：①compare...to...比擬；比作②compare...with/to...將和相比較③comparenotes對(duì)筆記；交換意見

【考例】____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(201*湖北)

A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared[考查目標(biāo)]compare的用法。

[答案與解析]D本句compare用在句首作狀語，并有“被比較”的意思。3.considerv.的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：considerationn.考慮，思考；體諒，顧及

▲搭配：①considerdoingsth.考慮做某事②considersb(tobe/as)...認(rèn)為／覺得某人③considerthat-clause認(rèn)為④takesthintoconsideration考慮⑤underconsideration在考慮中

【考例】CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(NMET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

[考查目標(biāo)]consider的幾種常見用法。

[答案與解析]Cconsider本身是被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后接不定式的各種結(jié)構(gòu)。如果表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。4.desertedadj.空無一人的；被遺棄的；被拋棄的

(1)空無一人的adesertedstreet/area空無一人的街道，地區(qū)；Theofficewasquitedeserted.辦公室里空無一人。

(2)被遺棄的adesertedchild被遺棄的孩子(3)desert["dezot]n.沙漠

desert[dI"zo:t]vt.丟棄；遺棄

Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenafterbecomingrich.

5.difficultyn.

(1)difficulty(通常作復(fù)數(shù))難事，難點(diǎn)，難題Shemetwithmanydifficultieswhentravelling.(2)在以下句型中，difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。have(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.干某事有困難

thereis(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.have(some)difficultywithsth.在某事上有困難

thereis(some)difficultywithsth.

dosth.withdifficulty/withoutdifficulty困難地／輕而易舉地做某事Wehadalotofdifficultyinfindingyourhouse.DoyouhaveanydifficultywithyourEnglish?

【注意】

(1)以上句型中，difficulty前可加some,little,much,alotof,no,any修飾(2)以上句型中，亦可用trouble來代替difficulty。6.favourite=favorite(A.E)最喜愛的；最喜愛的人或事物(1)adj.最喜愛的Myfavoritesportisplayingfootball.

(2)n.[C]最喜愛的人或事物Heisafavoritewithhisuncle.7.fun的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：funnyadj.有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的

▲搭配：

①makefunof取笑；嘲弄；開某人的玩笑

②(just)for/infun=(just)forthefunofit取樂，非認(rèn)真地，說／做著玩的③befulloffun很好玩

④havefunwithsb.和某人開一個(gè)玩笑

⑤have(some)fun玩得(很)高興，玩得(很)開心

⑥It"s(great)funtodosth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真開心⑦Whatfun(itis)todosth!干某事多么有趣呀!⑧havealotoffundoingsth干某事玩得很開心

【考例】(200上海春招)Thisisnotamatch.We"replay-ingchessjustfor____.A.habitB.hobbyC.funD.game[考查目標(biāo)]fun構(gòu)成的短語forfun的意思。

[答案與解析]C，forfun常在句中用作狀語，意思是“說／做著玩的”。8.imagine的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：①imaginationn.[C/U]想像，想像力，想像的事物②imaginativeadj.富有想像力的

▲搭配：①imaginesth/doingsth②beyond(all)imagination(完全)出乎意料地【考例】IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(MET1991)A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed[考查目標(biāo)]imagine的基本用法。

[答案與解析]Cimagine后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，本句的Peter是這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語。9.interest的用法

interestvt.使感興趣n.興趣，愛好[U]利息；利潤Hehasagreatinterestinpolitics.他對(duì)政治極感興趣。/abroadinterest廣泛的利益/acommoninterest共同的利益/astronginterest極強(qiáng)的興趣

▲構(gòu)詞：①interesting令人感興趣的(事物)②interested(某人對(duì)某事)有興趣的

▲搭配：①interestsbinsth使某人注意，關(guān)心或參入某事；使某人對(duì)某事感興趣②beinterestedin對(duì)感興趣(關(guān)心)③haveaninterestinsth./indoingsth.對(duì)某方面有興趣(關(guān)心)；在中有股份、權(quán)益等④holdone"sinterest吸引住某人的興趣⑤intheinterest(s)of為利益；為起見；對(duì)有利⑥loseinterestin對(duì)不再感興趣⑦show/take(an)interestin/indoingsth.對(duì)表示關(guān)心(有興趣)⑧have/take/feelnointerestin對(duì)不(不太)感興趣⑨withinterest有興趣地，津津有味地⑩develop/find/feelinterestinsth./indoingsth.在某方面培養(yǎng)／有興趣?loseinterestinsth./indoingsth.對(duì)某方面失去興趣

有時(shí)interest可與不定冠詞連用。Hedevelopedaninterestinscience.

另外：interest作“愛好”解時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。Hisinterestsincludereadingandtennis.【考例】____,theyimmediatelysuggestedthatsheputthemtogethertomakeasingleonelongstoryandpaidTracya$50,000advance.(201*全國卷II)A.InterestedB.AnxiouslyC.SeriouslyD.Encouraged

[考查目標(biāo)]interest派生詞的詞義和用法。

[答案與解析]Ainterested指(出版商)對(duì)這件事有興趣。10.prove的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：①proofn.證據(jù)。試驗(yàn)，考驗(yàn)，(印刷)校樣

▲搭配：①provesthtosb向某人證實(shí)②provetosbthat從句向某人證實(shí)③prove(oneself)tobe證明(自己)是，表現(xiàn)出

【考例】ItwasintheneighboringcountryUnitedStatesthatsuchresistancetospraywasfirst____.(05長春模擬)

A.provedB.killedC.thoughtD.discussed

[考查目標(biāo)]考查prove的意思。

[答案與解析]A本題wasproved的意思是“得到證實(shí)”，有被動(dòng)意味。

11.provide的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：①providern.供給者，供應(yīng)者，養(yǎng)家者②provided/providingconj.倘若▲搭配：providesbwithsth/sthtosb給提供；以裝備

【考例】Hisson____theoldmanwithallthefoodandthemoneyheneeded.A.providedB.fedC.affordedD.charred

[考查目標(biāo)]考查provide的詞義。

[答案與解析]Aprovide與with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。

12.share的用法▲搭配：①share(in)sth.withsth.和某人分享、分擔(dān)、共用某物②sharesth(out)between/among...將某物分配、分給③sharejoys/happinessandsorrows(withsb)(和某人)同甘共苦④shareone"sopinion同意某人的意見

【考例】LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell,Clareyoumustlearnto____.(NMET201*)A.supportB.careC.spareD.share[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查在語境中選擇動(dòng)詞的能力。

[答案與解析]D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：support支持；care在意，關(guān)心；spare擠出(時(shí)間)，勻出某物；share分享，分擔(dān)，與某人合用。根據(jù)語境可知說話者是想讓Clare學(xué)會(huì)與人共享把玩具(拿出來)和Harry一起玩，share在此意為“合用玩具”，解此題的關(guān)鍵是信息playwithyourtoysaswell。故D為最佳答案。13.solve的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：solutionn.1.[C](問題的)解答；(困難的)解決方法2.[U]解答，解決3.[U]溶解▲搭配：thesolutionto解決的辦法

【考例3】Intheend,onesuggestionseemstobethesolution____theproblem.(201*北京春招)

A.withB.intoC.forD.to

[考查目標(biāo)]solve名詞solution的相關(guān)搭配。[答案與解析]D“對(duì)于的解決辦法”，介詞用to。

14.totaln./adj.全部(的)

(1)intotal加起來Intotal,theremusthavebeen201*0peoplethere.(2)atotalof總共Hisexpenses(支出)reachedatotalof$100.(3)thetotalof...的總數(shù)Thetotal0fthebillis230dollars.15.whenconj.

when并列連詞，=andthen，表示“就在那時(shí)，突然”，常見以下句型中：

(1)bedoing...when...正在做突然Iwaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenlcaughtsightofatailor"sshop.

(2)haddone...when...剛做了突然Ihadjustsatdownwhenthelightwentout.(3)beabouttodo...when...剛要做突然Iwasjustabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidesawmeandshoutedatme.

16.whileconj.

(1)while從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，從句動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過程之中。Comeon,getthesethingsawaywhileImakethetea.

(2)并列連詞，表前后兩個(gè)分句意義相反或相對(duì)，意為“然而”。Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven"tenough.

(3)放在句首，表示“盡管；雖然”，相當(dāng)于although。Whilewedon"tagree,wecontinuetobefriendly.

[牛刀小試1]用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)

1.Allthenovelsareconsidered____theyoungreadersinthe1980s.(tohaveinterested)2.Bobthoughtit____tosolvemathsproblemswhileothershatedit.(fun)

3.Theheadmasterignoredthe____betweenMrs.Wangandhisnephew.(argument)4.Wecan"tdecide.Theplanneedstobe____.(considered)

5.____withClassTwo,ourshasmoreboystudents.(Compared)

6.Ifindabetterway____thisproblem.(tosolve)

7.Nearlyhalfofthecompanies____thesameopinionwiththegovernment.(share/shared)【詞語比較】1.especially,specially

especiallyadv.特殊地；尤其是

(1)側(cè)重于多種事物或人中比較突出的。Ilikeallthesubjectsatschool,especiallyEnglish.(尤其是英語)

(2)especially后可接介詞短語或從句。IliketheYueluMountains,especiallyinspring.(尤其是在春天)Noiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyouaretryingtosleep.specially側(cè)重特意地、專門地做某事(后面常接forsb.或todosth.)Imadeachocolatecakespeciallyforyou.2.boring,bored,bore

boringadj.令人厭煩的Thebookisveryboring.boredadj.感到厭煩的I"mboredwiththebook.borevt.令人厭煩Thisbookboresme.

有些表示情感的及物動(dòng)詞，有與bore類似的用法。如：interest,excite,surprise,amaze,frighten,astonish,move,inspire,touch,scare,disappoint,puzzle,worry這類詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，為“令人”；過去分詞形式，為“感到”。3.exceptfor,except,but,besides

表示“除了”的詞或短語有：except;but;exceptfor;besides;exceptthat(when...)等。(1)except和but都表示“除了之外。沒有”，二者大多數(shù)情況下可以互換；但在no,all,nobody,nothing,noone等詞后多用but。Nooneknowsourteacher"saddressexcept/buthim.(排除him)

(2)besides除之外，還，有附加性。WhatotherforeignlanguagesdoyouknowbesidesEnglish?(English與otherlanguages都屬于know的范圍)

(3)exceptfor只不過，整體肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同類事物，for表示細(xì)節(jié)上的修正。Yourarticleiswellwrittenexceptforafewspellingmistakes.4.know,knowof,knowabout

(1)know用作動(dòng)詞，意思是“(直接地)獲知，懂得，認(rèn)識(shí)，熟悉”。Idon"tknowwhetherheishereornot./Iknowhimtobehonest.

(2)knowof和knowabout的意思都是“(間接地)獲知”，指聽別人說到或從書報(bào)上看到，二者沒有什么區(qū)別。5.forexample;suchas

(1)forexample“例如”，用來舉例說明某一論點(diǎn)或情況。一般只舉同類人或物中的“一個(gè)”為例，作插入語，可位于句首、句中或句末�？捎胒orinstance替換。Forexample,airisinvisible./Hisspellingisterrible!Lookatthisword,forexample.(2)suchas“例如”，用來列舉事物，一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子。插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，as后面不可有逗號(hào)。SomeoftheEuropeanLanguagescomefromLatin,suchasFrench,ItalianandSpanish.

[注意]如把前面所述情況全部舉出，用thatis或namely。☆短語歸納☆1.含all的短語

1)firstofall首先(強(qiáng)調(diào)順序)2)inall(=intotal=altogether)總共3)afterall畢竟，終究4)atall到底，根本

5)aboveall最重要的是(強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性)6)not(...)atall(=not(...)intheleast)根本不，一點(diǎn)也不7)allthetime始終，一直

8)allofasudden(=suddenly)突然，冷不防9)allright行，可以

10)allatonce立劉，馬上11)alldayandallnight日日夜夜12)allover遍及

13)allalone獨(dú)個(gè)兒，獨(dú)立地14)allbut幾乎，差一點(diǎn)15)allinall總的說來

16)alltogether一道，同時(shí)，總共17)forall盡管

[例句]Iwokeupanddidn"thearhimatall.我醒了，一點(diǎn)兒也沒有聽到他說話。/Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.他摔了很多跤，以至于渾身青一塊紫一塊的。/Youshouldn"tscoldher.Afterall,sheisonlyfiveyearsold.你不應(yīng)該責(zé)怪他，畢竟，她只有五歲。/Childrenneedmanythings,butaboveall,theyneedlove.孩子需要許多東西，最重要的是，需要愛。/Youmusthaveknownitallthetime.你一定一直知道這事。

【考例】PeoplemayhavedifferentopinionsaboutKaren,butIadmireher.____,sheisagreatmusician.(201*甘肅、青海)

A.AfterallB.AsaresultC.InotherwordsD.Asusual[考查目標(biāo)]主要考查四個(gè)短語的用法。

[答案與解析]Aafterall意為“畢竟．終究”；asaresult意為“結(jié)果”；inotherwords意為“換句話說”；asusual意為“像往常一樣”。本句意思是：雖然人們對(duì)她看法不一。但我還是佩服她。因?yàn)樗�畢竟是一個(gè)偉大的音樂家。

【考例】I"dliketobuyahouse--modern,comfortable,and____inaquietneighborhood.(201*福建)

A.inallB.aboveallC.afterallD.atall

[考查目標(biāo)]主要考查all構(gòu)成的四個(gè)短語。[答案與解析]Binall意為“總共”；aboveall意為“最重要的是”；afterall意為“畢竟”；atall意為“到底”。本句話意思是：我想買一個(gè)房子，現(xiàn)代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一個(gè)安靜的地區(qū)。2.atall

(1)用在肯定句中，“竟然”I"msurprisedthatyoucameatall.(2)用在否定句中，“一點(diǎn)也不”Therewasnothingtoworryaboutatall.(3)用在疑問句中，“到底”“究竟”Haveyoubeenthereatall?(4)用在條件句中，“真的，確實(shí)”Ifyoudoitatall,doitwell.3.含“be+形容詞+介詞”的短語1)begoodat擅長于

2)beinterestedin對(duì)感興趣

3)bepleased/satisfied/contentwith對(duì)滿意4)befamousfor因而出名5)bekind/goodto對(duì)好6)belostin沉湎于

7)beactivein在某方面積極8)besureabout/of確信9)beafraidof害怕10)befullof充滿11)befilledwith充滿

12)bemadeof/from由組成13)begenerousto對(duì)慷慨14)bepopularwith受歡迎15)beconfidentof確信16)befondof喜歡，喜愛

17)beangrywith/at對(duì)發(fā)脾氣18)belatefor遲到

19)beamazed/surprised/astonished/shockedat對(duì)感到驚訝20)bebusydoing忙著做

21)beexcitedabout對(duì)感到興奮22)beworriedabout擔(dān)心23)beusedfor/as用于

24)becuriousabout對(duì)好奇

[例句]LinLinisconfidentofhisabilitytogetworkforhimself.林林確信自己有能力做這活。Hewasgeneroustoeverybodywithmoney,asaresult,hesavedlittle.他對(duì)誰花錢都很慷慨，結(jié)果沒有攢到多少錢。Sheisveryactiveinhelpingthepoor.在幫助窮人方面，她很熱心。Popmusicispopularwiththeyounggeneration.流行歌曲受年輕一代的歡迎。Lostinthought,hedidn"trealizethatIcamein.他陷入思考之中，沒有意識(shí)到我進(jìn)來了。IwasamazedatthesightsothatIdidn"tknowwhattodo.看到這一幕我非常驚訝，不知道該做什么。StudentsinSenior3arebusypreparingforthecomingfinalexam.高三學(xué)生在忙于準(zhǔn)備即將到來的期末考試�！究祭齦】(201*重慶)

--Youknow,Bobisalittleslow____understanding,so...--SoIhavetobepatient____him.

A.in;withB.on;withC.in;toD.at;for[考查目標(biāo)]同定搭配中介詞的選擇。

[答案與解析]Abeslowin意為“在方面反應(yīng)遲鈍”，bepatientwith意為“對(duì)有耐心”。

4.endupwith...以結(jié)束

(1)endupwith+n.以結(jié)束

ThepartyendedupwiththesingingofAuldLangSyne.

(2)endupas...最后成為Hewillendupasapresidentsomeday.

(3)endup+地點(diǎn)狀語最后(有結(jié)局)Ifyoudriveyourcarlikethat,you"llend(up)inhospital.

5.“make+名詞”短語①makeanoise吵鬧

②makefaces做鬼臉，做苦臉③makeroomfor給騰出地方④makethebed整理床鋪⑤makephonecalls打電話⑥makefriendswith交朋友⑦makemoney賺錢

⑧makeuseof利用

⑨makeadecision做出決定⑩makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤

[例句]Theboymadeafaceathisteacherwhensheturnedherback.老師轉(zhuǎn)身時(shí)，男孩朝老師做了個(gè)鬼臉。

Workinginthekitchenmadetheboyintoagoodcook.在廚房里干活使男孩成為一位優(yōu)秀廚師。

Theyweremovedouttoanearbyhotel,tomakeroomformoreimportantpersons.為了給更重要的人物騰出

地方，他們被搬到了附近的一家旅店。

【考例】TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto____.(201*北京春招)

A.makeitoutB.makeitoffC.makeitupD.makeitover[考查目標(biāo)]主要考查make短語。

[答案與解析]Amakeout意為“領(lǐng)悟、弄明白、發(fā)現(xiàn)真相”makeoff意為“連忙跑掉”；makeup意為“彌補(bǔ)、打扮、組成”；makeover意為“轉(zhuǎn)讓、改造”。因?yàn)槭艿矫曰�，所以�?yīng)該是試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)真相�！究祭�】

--Whenshallwestart?

--Let"s____itat8:30.Isthatallright?(201*北京)A.setB.meetC.makeD.take[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查make短語。

[答案與解析]Cmakeit“規(guī)定時(shí)間”為固定短語。本句話意思是“把出發(fā)的時(shí)間定在8點(diǎn)半”。set意思是“對(duì)時(shí)間”、“調(diào)時(shí)間”。6.makefire點(diǎn)火

有以下fire(n.)短語:beonfire著火了(表示狀態(tài))/catchfire燃著；著火(表示動(dòng)作)/playwithfire玩火；干冒險(xiǎn)的事/Setsth.onfire=setfiretosth.放火燒/make(a)fire點(diǎn)火；生火/start(cause)afire引起火災(zāi)

[注意]fire作“火災(zāi)”“一堆火”解時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞。7.agreat/goodmany許多

(1)agreat/goodmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，中間無“of”。Agreatmanypeoplehaveseenthefilm.(2)agreat/goodmany+of+the/these/those/one"s+名詞復(fù)數(shù)Agreatmanyofthepeoplehaveseenthefilm.

8.makeyourselfathome別拘束

(1)makeyourselfathome別拘束(主人對(duì)客人說的委婉語)--Goodevening,Jim.--Goodevening,Mary.Comeinandmakeyourselfathome.

(2)(all)byoneself獨(dú)自(沒有別人幫助)Youcan"tpossiblydoitallbyyourself.

(3)enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得高興Pleaseenjoyyourselfwhileyou"respendingyourholidayinHawaii.

(4)foroneself親自;為自己Thestudentwantstothinkitforhimself./Oneshouldnotliveforoneselfalone.

(5)ofoneself自動(dòng)地Thedoorclosedofitselfsuddenly.(6)beoneself身體或情緒好Iamnotmyselftoday.

(7)helponeselfto+n./pron.隨便Pleasehelpyourselftothefish．(8)inoneself本身Thisisnotabadideainitself.

(9)cometooneself蘇醒Theinjuredmancametohim-selfinfiveminutes.(10)betweenourselves私下說的話Allthisisbetweenourselves.

9.themajorityof...大多數(shù)的

(1)a/themajorityof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)。themajority單獨(dú)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。Themajorityofpeopleseemtopreferwatchinggamestoplayinggames./Themajoritywere(was)infavouroftheproposal.

(2)byamajorityof+數(shù)字，以超過票的多數(shù)Shewontheelectionbyamajorityof900votes.

10.treatas把看做Thekindladytreatedmeasherowndaughter.【比較】表示“認(rèn)為”的短語還有：

regard…as…consider…(as)…thinkof…as…

lookon/upon…as…take…for…

[注意]在consideras短語中as可省略，其他短語中不可。

[牛刀小試2]

1.Ifyouare____aboutAustraliancities,justreadthebookwrittenbyDr.Johnson.A.interestedB.anxiousC.upsetD.curious

2.Herson,____whomshewasso____,wentabroad10yearsago.A.of;lovedB.for;cared

C.to;devotedD.on;affected

3.Inordertocontinuetolearnbyourselveswhenwehaveleftschool,wemust____learnhowtostudyintheschoolnow.

A.inallB.afterallC.aboveallD.atall4.--IamsorryIdidn"tdoagoodjob.

--Nevermind.____,youhavetriedyourbest.

A.AboveallB.InallC.AtallD.Afterall

5.Sincewecan"tfindabiggerapartment,we"llhaveto____whatwehave.A.hopeforthebestB.makeroomforC.makethebestofD.layourhopeon(DCCDC)

【句型歸納】

1.Idon"tenjoysinging,nordoIlikecomputers.我不喜歡唱歌，也不喜歡電腦。/RockmusicisOK,andsoisskiing.搖滾音樂還可以，滑雪也行。

這兩句中nor與so用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Idon"tknow,nordoIcare.我不知道，也不關(guān)心。so的常見句型有：

(1)so+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(意為“主語也”)

(2)neither/nor+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(意為“主語也不”)

(3)soitis/waswithsb/sth和soitis/wasthesamewithsb/sth(意為“主語也”)(用在前文有兩個(gè)或以上的從句，而且分句有不同的謂語或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系動(dòng)詞義有行為動(dòng)詞的情況)

(4)so+主語+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(意為“主講確實(shí)如此”)，表示進(jìn)一步肯定。(5)主語+did+so(意為“主語按照吩咐做了”)。

【考例】Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,____.(201*全國III)A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.Johndoesn"ttooD.nordoesJohn

[考查目標(biāo)]nor表示“也不”引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

[答案與解析]D由never可以判斷該句為否定句�？崭裉幘湟鉃椤凹s翰也沒讀書”。nor,so,neither可引起倒裝句。

2.Chuckisabusinessmanwhoisalwayssobusythathehaslittletimeforhisfriends.查克是個(gè)生意人，他總是那么忙，幾乎沒有時(shí)間和朋友在一起。

該句中so...that...和such...that...都能連接結(jié)果狀講從句，但要注意詞序不同。例如：Joanissuchalonelygirlthatallofuslikeher.=Sheissolovelyagirlthatwealllikeher.常見句型：

(1)such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatclause(2)such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatclause(3)such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+thatclause

(4)so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatclause(5)so+形容詞/副詞+thatclause

(6)so+many/few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatclause(7)so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+thatclause

注意：①當(dāng)little不表示數(shù)量“少”而表示“小”的意思時(shí)，仍然要用such。②當(dāng)so+adj./adv.或such+n.位于句首時(shí)，主句需要倒裝。

【考例】Sodifficult____ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.(201*上海)

A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel

[考查目標(biāo)]so+adj.位于句首時(shí)，主句倒裝。

[答案與解析]DA、C語序不對(duì)，排除。B時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)。

3.OnedayChuckisonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.一天，查克在飛越太平洋時(shí)．他的飛機(jī)突然墜毀了。該句中的“when”表示“正在這時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于andjust或andatthattime.這時(shí)不能用while/as替換。

常見句型：(1)beabouttodosthwhen...(2)bedoingsthwhen...(3)beonthepointofdoingsthwhen...

【考例】Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstarted.(201*北京春招)A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before[考查目標(biāo)]"when"作連詞，表示“正在這時(shí)”。

[答案與解析]A意為“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴風(fēng)雨來了。”只有when才能用于這種句型。4.Hehastolearnhowtocollectwater,huntforfood,andmakefire.他不得不學(xué)會(huì)收集淡水．尋找食物，生火什么的。

該句中的“howItocollect...”為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作賓語。例如：Wemustdecidewhichonetobuy.疑問詞which,what,how,when,where等與小定式構(gòu)成不定式短語。

【考例】I"veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknewwhat____inmynewjob.(NMET201*)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects[考查目標(biāo)]whattodosth不定式短語作賓語。[答案與解析]B該句需要填非謂語動(dòng)詞。排除A、D。句意為“以前我與孩子在一塊兒工作過。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么�！盋不表示進(jìn)行，排除C。

5.Inordertosurvive,ChuckdevelopedafriendshipwithanunusualfriendavolleyballhecalledWilson.為了生存下去，查克和一位不尋常的朋友--“排球”建立了友誼，查克叫他威爾森。

1.該句中的"inorderto"，意思為“為了，以便”，作目的狀語。在句子中作同的狀語的常見句型有五種結(jié)構(gòu)：todosth/inordertodosth/soastodosth/inorderthatclause/sothatclause

注意：(1)soastodosth不能位于句首。(2)如果主句與從句的主語一致時(shí)，四個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。(3)在inorderthat/sothat引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞常與can,could,may,might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。

【考例】(201*北京)I"dliketoarrive20minutesearly____Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat[考查目標(biāo)]目的狀語。

[答案與解析]Dassoonas“一就”；asaresult“結(jié)果是”；incase“萬一”；sothat“以便，為的是”。句意：“我想提前二十分鐘到以便有時(shí)間喝杯茶”。2.該句子中volleyball是作同位語。例如：Headvisedfarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,theonesthathadthebestcolor.

注意：這種同位語(不是同位語從句)與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別。

【考例】(NMET201*)Meetingmyuncleaftertheseyearswasanunforgottenmoment,____Iwillalwaystreasure.

A.thatB.oneC.itD.what[考查目標(biāo)]one作同位語，指代amoment。

[答案與解析]Bthat不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，排除A；if不能作同位語，排除C；what既不能引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句，也不能作同位語�？梢蕴顆hich，這樣就成了非限制性定語從句。

6.ForalongtimethelanguageinAmericastayedthesame,whilethelanguageinEnglandchanged.長期以來，美國英語保持不變，但英國英語變化了。1.該句中的“while"用作并列連詞．表示前后對(duì)比，意為“然而”。“while"充當(dāng)連詞，還能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。意為“duringthetimethat”；引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“although”。2.該句中的"stay"為系動(dòng)詞。后接表語(thesame)。除了stay外，常見的系動(dòng)詞還有:become,get,turn,grow,go,come,run,fall,keep,stay,remain。

【考例】(NMET201*)Whydon"tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill____freshforseveraldays.

A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed[考查目標(biāo)]系動(dòng)詞的用法。

[答案與解析]B系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，一般不用進(jìn)行

時(shí)態(tài)，排除A、C；句意不是表示完成，排除D。系動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)。7.forthefirsttime第一次

(1)forthefirsttime第一次，后面不加從句，在句中作狀語TheycametoBeijingforthefirsttime.

(2)thefirsttime名詞短語，在從句中充當(dāng)連詞，后接時(shí)間狀語從句，不接that，when等連詞。有同樣用法的短語還有：everytime;nexttime;thelasttimeTheylikedBeijingthefirsttimetheywentthere.(3)It"s/Thisisthefirsttimethat+從句(用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))這是的第一次It"sthefirsttimethatIhaveeverbeenabroadatall.8.Whatisitthat...?是什么?強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法：

(1)結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/Itwas(過去時(shí)間)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who(專指人)+其他部分

(2)用法：除了謂語動(dòng)詞不能強(qiáng)調(diào)，句子的每部分均可強(qiáng)調(diào)。Jimmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.

主語賓語地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)間狀語

強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：ItwasJimwho/thatmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語：Itwasthestudentwhom/thatJimmetinthestreetlastweek.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語：ItwasinthestreetthatJimmetthestudentlastweek.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語：ItwaslastweekthatJimmetthestudentinthestreet.(3)注意點(diǎn)：

一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句：

WasitDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)凋句：

Whoisitthatwillvisitourclass?Whereisitthathehasgone?Whenwasitthatshewent?

notuntil用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句：

ItwasnotuntilthenthatIrealizedIwaswrong.

[牛刀小試3]

1.--Iwouldneverevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!--____.(201*廣西)

A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldI

C.SamewithmeD.SodoI

2.Wecan"timagine____littlemicecaneatup____manycropseveryyear.

A.so;soB.such;soC.such;suchD.so;so

3.Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.

A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.once

4.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovern-mentknows____.(NMET201*)A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit

5.Rosesneedspecialcare___theycanlivethroughwinter.(201*天津)

A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as(BBACB)

【交際速成】

1.Talkingaboutlikesanddislikes.談?wù)撓矚g和不喜歡--IenjoyChinesefoodverymuch.--____.(03東北三校)

A.PleasetastequicklyB.Havemore,please

C.HelpyourselfD.Eatslowlywhileitishot

[答案與解析]C本題主要考查具體語境下“對(duì)事物喜好”的表達(dá)及應(yīng)答。A項(xiàng)不禮貌，B、D兩項(xiàng)屬漢語習(xí)慣，C項(xiàng)符合此時(shí)英語語境。

【歸納】英語中常見表達(dá)喜歡和不喜歡態(tài)度的用語有：(1)Thisbookisveryinteresting.

(2)Ilike/lovethemovie(verymuch).(3)Ilike/lovetoplaycomputergames.(4)Iliketakingphotos.

(5)Ienjoylisteningtomusic.

(6)I"minterestedinscience.Myhobbies/interestsare...(7)Heisfondofmusic.(8)Thissongisbad/awful.

(9)Idon"tlikethemovieverymuch/atall.(10)Idon"tenjoycollectingstamps.(11)Ihatetodohomework.Ihatedancing,(12)I"mnotintoclassicmusic.

(13)Ithinkthatclassicmusicisterrible/boring.2.Makingapologies道歉

--I"msorryI"mcallingyousolate.--____Okay.(201*北京春招)

A.ThisisB.You"reC.That"sD.I"m

[答案與解析]C本題主要考查英語中道歉及應(yīng)答用語。A、B、D三項(xiàng)不符合交際英語的習(xí)慣，故C項(xiàng)正確。

【歸納】英語中常見道歉用語有：

(1)I"mverysorry.Ididn"tmeanto(hurtyourfeelings).(2)I"mterriblysorryaboutthat.

(3)I"mafraidI"vebroughtyoutoomuchtrouble.(4)Pleaseexcusemecominglate.(5)Pleaseforgiveme.(6)Excuseme,please.(7)Ibegyourpardon.應(yīng)答表達(dá)有：(1)That"s/It"sallright.(2)That"s/It"sOK.(3)Nevermind.(4)Itdoesn"tmatter.(5)It"snothing.(6)Forgetit.

(7)Don"tworryaboutthat.

(8)Don"tmentionit.

3.Talkingaboutlanguagedifficultiesincommunication談?wù)撜Z言交際困難--I"msorry.Ican"tcatchyou.____--OK,it"sBLACK.

A.Wouldyoupleasewalkslowly?B.Idon"tunderstandyou．

C.What"sthemeaningofthisword?D.Wouldyoupleaserepeatitmoreslowly?

[答案與解析]D本題主要考查語言交際困難的功能意念。catch在整個(gè)語境中是“聽見，聽清”的意思，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤理解了catch在此處的意思，B、C兩項(xiàng)語義不連貫，故正確答案是D�！練w納】英語中常見的談?wù)撜Z言交際困難的用語有：(1)Pardon?/Ibegyourpardon.(2)Sorry,Ican"tfollowyou.

(3)Canyouspeakmoreslowly,please?(4)Howdoyousay...inEnglish."?

(5)Idon"tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish.(6)Idon"tknowthewordinEnglish.(7)Howdoyouspellit,please?(8)I"msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.

(9)Couldyourepeatthat,please?Couldyousaythatagain,please?

(10)Whatdoyoumeanbykillingtime?[牛刀小試4]

1.--____Ididn"thearyouclearly.It"stoonoisyhere.--Iwassayingthatthepartywasgreat.A.Repeat.B.Onceagain.C.Sorry?D.Sowhat?2.--Doyoulikeahousewithnogarden?

--____.Butanyhow,it"sbettertohaveonethannone.A.NotabitB.NotalittleC.NotreallyD.Notspecially

3.--I"msorryforsteppingonyourfoot?--____.A.It"sOKB.YouarewelcomeC.It"syourfaultD.Neveryoumind4.--Whatyousaidatthemeetinghurtmebadly!--Sorry.But____.

A.Ididn"tmeanitB.Ididn"tmeantoC.Idon"tmeanitD.Idon"tmeanto5.--Youseemtoshowinterestincooking.--____?Onthecontrary,I"mtiredofit.

A.ReallyB.PardonC.OKD.What(CCABD)

【精典題例】

1.--Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.

--____,and____.

A.Sohehas;sohaveyouB.Sohashe;sohaveyou

C.Sohehas;soyouhaveD.Sohashe;soyouhave【解析】選A答句中的he指David，不倒裝�！癝ohaveyou”意為“你也一樣(取得了進(jìn)步)”。2.Little____whatothersthink.

A.doeshecareaboutB.careheaboutC.aboutheearedD.aboutcaredhe【解析】選Alittle為否定副詞，置于句首時(shí)，句子使用部分倒裝。

3.Atschool,whatheenjoys____football.

A.playingB.toplayC.isplayingD.played

【解析】選Cwhatheenjoys為主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞為be，表語為playingfootball。不要誤以為playing是enjoy的賓語而誤選A。

4.Atthe____news,allthewomenpresentburstoutcrying.A.unexpectingB.disappointing

C.disappointedD.interesting【解析】選B聯(lián)系語境，所有在場的婦女都哭了，因此為disappointing"令人失望的(消息)”。5.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret____someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.when【解析】選D"when"表示“就在這時(shí)，突然”。6.Thewolfsaidina____voiceandthescholarfelt____.A.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frightenedC.frightened;frighteningD.frightening;frightening【解析】選Afrightening“令人害怕”；frightened“感到害怕”。

7.Inour____life,Englishis____used.A.everyday;wideB.everyday;widely

C.everyday;wideD.everyday;widely【解析】選Beveryday“日常的，每天的”；widely“廣泛地”。8.--Hello,Mary.I"vegotagirlfriend.--What"sshelike?--____.

A.Idon"tknowB.She"slikehermother,notfatherC.ShelikesmusicD.Nothad!Quitepretty

【解析】選D表外表給人的印象。

9.Thefire____forhalfanhourbeforethefirefightersarrived.A.hadputoutB.wasputoutC.hadbeenoutD.hadbrokenout【解析】選Cbeout"火熄滅”，表示狀態(tài)。

10.Ithasbeensuggestedthattheland____equallyamongthepeasants.A.besharedB.shouldbespared

C.savedD.bespent

【解析】選Asuggest后用虛擬語氣。beshared前可省略should。

11.Shetook____inphysicsandread____onthesubject.A.interest;asbooksmanyasshecouldB.aninterest;asmanybooksasshecouldC.interested;asmanybooksasshecan

D.interests;asbooksasshecould

【解析】選B根據(jù)短語搭配和時(shí)態(tài)一致可知。12.--How"stheyoungman?--____.A.He"stwentyB.He"sadoctorC.HeismuchbetterD.He"sDavid【解析】選Chowissb.“某人身體如何”。

13.LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell.Clare,youmustlearnto____.A.supportB.careC.spareD.share【解析】選Dshare“分享”；support“支持”；care“在意”；spare“抽出(時(shí)間)。節(jié)余”。14.Thenewdresslookswonderfulonyou____thecollar.A.besidesB.exceptC.besideD.exceptfor【解析】選D“美中不足的是領(lǐng)子”，表示部分修正。15.--Whataboutyourclassmate,Susan?

--Ourteacher____heragoodandcleverstudent.A.regardsB.believesC.suggestsD.considers

【解析】選Dconsideras“認(rèn)為是”，as可省略。

高一英語各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit3-4☆重點(diǎn)句型☆

1.Insteadofspendingyourvacationonabus,...youmaywanttotryhiking.Instead和instead0f的用法

2.Say"Hi"/"Hello"/"Thanks"tosb.(forme)問候的句型3.Isanybodyseeingyouoff?進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來

4.Shestruggledandstruggled,andcouldnotgetonherfeet.(=keepstruggling)

5.Youshouldnotgoraftingunlessyouknow...unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于if...not

6.Bystayingat...,touristscanhelpthevillagersmakemoneysothattheycantakecareofthefiverandthebirds.目的狀語從句

7.Shewassosurprisedthatshecouldn"tmove.結(jié)果狀語從句8.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbywater.過去分詞作狀語

9.Thenextmoment,thefirstwavesweptherdown,swallowingthegarden.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語10.However,beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.Itdidn"ttakelongbeforethebuildingwasdestroyed.before的用法☆重點(diǎn)詞匯☆

1.meansn.方法；途徑2.experiencen.經(jīng)驗(yàn)3.equipmentn.設(shè)備4.successfuladj.成功的5.protectv.保護(hù)6.handlev.處理7.considerv.考慮8.benefitn.利益9.particularadj.特別的10.effectn.效果11.combinev.合并

12.unforgettableadj.不會(huì)忘記的13.advancev.前進(jìn)14.seizev.抓住15.strugglev.奮斗16.fearv.&n.害怕17.strikev.敲打18.destroyv.毀掉19.publishv.出版

20.naughtyadj.調(diào)皮的☆重點(diǎn)短語☆

1.getawayfrom逃離

2.watch/lookout注意，當(dāng)心

3.goforahike/gohiking去徒步旅游4.aswith正如一樣5.seeoff為某人送行

6.ontheotherhand在另一方面7.takecareof照顧

8.getclose/nearto接近，湊近9.treeaftertree一棵又一棵的樹10.aswallas也，和一樣(好)

11.protectfrom保護(hù)不受的傷害12.besurprisedat因而吃驚

13.becaught/trapped/struckin被困住14.takeplace發(fā)生

15.gothrough通過，經(jīng)過；經(jīng)歷(痛苦的事)16.beupon臨近，逼近17.holdonto緊緊抓住

18.referto提到，說到；查詢(信息)

19.lookinto注視的內(nèi)部；檢查，調(diào)查20.forfearof(doing)sth.惟恐☆短語闖關(guān)☆

下列短語都是這兩個(gè)單元學(xué)過的重要短語，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填入一個(gè)正確的詞，每個(gè)詞4分，80分才能過關(guān)，你一定能過關(guān)．做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?l.get____from逃離away

2.watch____注意，當(dāng)心out

3.protectsb/sth____保護(hù)／保衛(wèi)某人(某事物)from4.seesb____到火車站、飛機(jī)場等某處為某人送行off5.ontheother____另一方面hand6.as____as也，還，而且well7.____place發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生take8.____fire失火on

9.pullsb____把往上拽up

10.get____one"sfeet站立起來；站起身來on11.go____通過，經(jīng)受。仔細(xì)檢查through12.____holiday在度假on

13.travel____旅行社代理人agent14.be____逼近，臨近upon

15.____exercise進(jìn)行體育鍛煉take16.____"Hi"tosbfor/fromsb代某人向某人問候say17.come____with提出up18.go____ahike去遠(yuǎn)足for

19.becaught____受困于，陷于in20.____asecond馬上，一會(huì)兒in21.look____往里面看，調(diào)查into22.refer____提到．涉及；參考to23.hold____抓住，握住onto24.sweep____沖走，刮走away25.sweep____沖倒，吹倒down☆交際用語☆

1.Wherewouldyouprefergoing...?2.Howwouldyouliketogoto...?3.Haveanice/pleasanttrip!4.Well,Imustbeoff.5.It"sallright．6.I"mafraid.7.Comeon!8.Itscaresme.

9.Don"tworry.

10.First...,next...,then...,finally...

☆單詞聚焦☆1.advance的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：advancedadj.高等的．先進(jìn)的，高深的▲搭配：

①inadvance在前頭，預(yù)先，事先

②inadvanceof在前面；比進(jìn)步；超過

③ontheadvance(物價(jià))在上漲

【考例】ItissaidthatMissWhitehadsomedifficultyinstudyingthe____maths.A.improvedB.developedC.advancedD.increased

[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查形容詞advanced與近義詞的區(qū)別。

[答案與解析]C“高等數(shù)學(xué)”的英譯是advancedmaths，advanced意思是“先進(jìn)的。高級(jí)的”。

2.before的特殊用法

(1)HehadrunoutoftheroombeforeIcouldstophim.我還沒來得及攔住他，他就跑出了屋子。

(2)ThreeweekswentbybeforeWeknewit.三周過去了，我們才意識(shí)到。(或：時(shí)間不知不覺已過三周了。)

(3)Itwasn"t/didn"ttakelongbeforehereturned.他沒過多久就回來了。Itwon"tbelongbeforewegraduate.不要過多久我們就要畢業(yè)了。3.chance的用法

▲搭配：

①byanychance萬一，碰巧，或許②bychance偶然，意外地③takea/one"schance冒一冒險(xiǎn)，碰碰運(yùn)氣，利用一下機(jī)會(huì)

【考例6】(201*南京模擬)Mostofthe___areinseasonalwork,mainlyconnectedwithtourismandagriculture.

A.workB.luckC.chancesD.services[考查目標(biāo)]chance的詞義。

[答案與解析]Cchance在本句的詞義是“機(jī)會(huì)”。4.considerv.

(1)考慮

A)consider+n./doingIconsidergoingabroad.B)consider+疑問詞+todoYouhavetoconsiderwhattodonext.(2)認(rèn)為

A)consider+n.(+as/tobe)+n./adj.

IconsiderMaryas/tobemybestfriend.

TheyconsideredParisthebrainandheartofthecountry.B)consider+n.+tohavedone

Iconsiderhimtohaveacteddisgracefully.

除了consideras表認(rèn)為外，還有regardas，lookonas，takeas，thinkofas5.cost的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：costlyadj.昂貴的，貴重的▲搭配：

①costsb.sth.花費(fèi)某人(多少錢)；讓某人付出(代價(jià))／犧牲②atallcosts不惜任何代價(jià)．無論如何③atanycost不惜任何代價(jià)，無論如何④atcost(price)按成本價(jià)格，按原價(jià)

⑤atthecostof以為代價(jià)，用換來的；喪失；犧牲

【考例】Theywonderedhowmuchthiskindofcarwould____them.A.payB.spendC.costD.waste[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查cost和它的幾個(gè)近義詞的區(qū)別。[答案與解析]Ccost的意思是“耗費(fèi)”，主語是指物的名詞．而pay和spend等的主語是指人的名詞。6.effectn.效果；作用

haveaneffectonsth.

Hiswordshadagreatpushingeffectonhisstudents.(1)beofnoeffect無效

(2)comeintoeffect開始生效；開始實(shí)行

[比較]affectvt.影響Theclimateaffectedtheamountoftherainfall.7.experience的用法

▲構(gòu)詞:experiencedadj.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，熟練的▲搭配:

①byexperience憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)；從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中②fromexperience憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)；從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中③gainexperiencein獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)

④beexperiencedin某方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)

▲友情提示:experience這個(gè)詞作為可數(shù)名詞用時(shí)，解釋為“經(jīng)歷”，作為不可數(shù)名詞用時(shí)解釋為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。

【考例】(201*山西模擬)____teachesthathewasright.Goodfriendshipisjustnoteasilyformed.

A.KnowledgeB.TeachersC.ExperienceD.Parents

[考查目標(biāo)]experience的意思。

[答案與解析]Cexperience常為不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。8.fearn.&vt.

(1)n.恐懼(多作不可數(shù)名詞)Hisfacewasgrowingpalewithfear.憂慮；擔(dān)心的事(可數(shù))

Thereisnoreasonforyourfears.

forfearof由于怕，以防

Heleftanhourearlierforfearofmissinghistrain.forfear(that)惟恐；怕的是；以防

Sheworriedforfearthatthechildwouldbehurt.infearof害怕；擔(dān)心

Thethiefwasinfearofthepolice.(2)v.恐懼；害怕，接n./pron.Catsfearbigdogs.恐懼；害怕，接todo

Don"tfeartotellthetruth.恐怕；擔(dān)心，接從句

Shefearedthatshemightnotfindhiminhisroom.

▲構(gòu)詞：fearfuladj.可怕的，嚴(yán)重的；懼怕的，膽怯的；擔(dān)心的，憂慮的fearlessadj.不怕的，大膽的，勇敢的，無畏的▲搭配：

①beinfear(of)(為而)提心吊膽

②forfearof因?yàn)榕�；以免，怕的�?/p>

③forfearthat-clause生怕；為了防止(某事發(fā)生)④haveafearthat-clause擔(dān)心／怕(發(fā)生某事)⑤withfear嚇得，怕得

⑥fear(vi.)for...擔(dān)心／憂慮

【考例】(201*江蘇)Hegottothestationearly,____missinghistrain.A.incaseofB.insteadof

C.forfearofD.insearch

[考查目標(biāo)]fear構(gòu)成的短語的用法和意思。

[答案與解析]Cforfearof常在句中作狀語，意思是“怕的是。擔(dān)心”。9.funn.高興；樂趣；有趣的人或事(1)forfun為了高興；為著好玩Ionlydiditforfun.

(2)makefunof開的玩笑；取笑Itiswrongtomakefunofacripple.

[比較]

(1)laughat笑(某人)；嘲笑

It"sunkindtolaughatapersonwhoisintrouble.(2)playajokeon開(某人的)玩笑10.meansn.手段；辦法

(1)bymeansof用；依靠

Thewatermaybecarriedbymeansofapipe.

(2)byallmeans一定；務(wù)必；(表示同意)當(dāng)然可以，沒問題：務(wù)必，無論如何，千方百計(jì)地

Trybyall/everymeanstopersuadehimtocome.(3)bynomeans完全不是；一點(diǎn)也不；決不

Thisisbynomeansthefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.

還有：bythismeans用這種方法；byanymeans用一切可能的方法或手段【考例】(MET1991)Studentssometimessupportthem-selvesby____ofeveningjob.A.waysB.offersC.meansD．helps[考查目標(biāo)]bymeansof短語的意思。

[答案與解析]Cbymeansof的意思是“通過某種手段”。11.normaladj.正常的；正規(guī)的thenormaltemperature,normalbehavior(1)regular規(guī)則的；有規(guī)律的

keepregularhours生活有規(guī)律；按時(shí)作息(2)common普通的；常見的

TomisacommonnameinBritain.共有的；共同的haveacommoninterest有著共同愛好(3)usual慣常的；慣例的

It"susualwithhimtogototheofficeonfoot.(4)ordinary平凡的；普通的inordinarydress12.once的用法▲搭配：

①allatonce突然；同時(shí)②atonce立刻，馬上；同時(shí)

③(every)onceinawhile偶爾，有時(shí)，間或

④forthisonce(=foronce，justforonce)就這一次；破例一回⑤morethanonce不止一次，多次⑥notonce一次也不⑦onceagain/more再一次

⑧onceandagain一再，再三

⑨onceortwice一兩次；有時(shí)，偶爾⑩oncetoooften又(多了)一次?onceuponatime從前

【考例】(201*上海)____wehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningincreasesthelengthoftimewewillrememberit.

A.BeforeB.OnceC.UntilD.Unless[考查目標(biāo)]連詞once的用法和詞義。

[答案與解析]Bonce在作連詞使用時(shí)意思是“一旦”。13.preferv.寧愿；更喜歡(1)prefer+n./pron.

Theboypreferredadetectivestory.(2)prefer+v.-ing

Doyoupreferlivingabroad?

(3)prefer+todo

Shepreferstoliveamongtheworkingpeople.(4)prefersb.todosth.

Shepreferredhimtostayathome.

(5)prefer+n./pron./doing+to+n./pron./doing喜歡而不喜歡Ipreferthetowntothecountry./Whilehewasintheofficehepreferreddoingsomethingtodoingnothing.

(6)prefertodo...ratherthando=wouldratherdo...thando...寧愿而不愿Iprefertowalkthereratherthangobybus.

(7)prefer+從句(謂語動(dòng)詞用shoulddo，should可省略)Shepreferredthatheshoulddoitinthekitchen.14.protect的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：protectionn.保護(hù)(者/物)，防御

▲搭配：protectsbfrom/against防止遭受；使免于，保護(hù)使不受【考例】(MET1992)Clarkewasgreatlyadmiredattheclubforthesuccessful____.A.self-satisfactionB.self-protectionC.self-respectD.self-service[考查目標(biāo)]protect及其派生詞的詞義。

[答案與解析]Bself-protection是名詞，意思是“自我保護(hù)”。15.separate的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：separationn.[U]分開，分離

▲搭配：

①separateAfromB把A和B分開

②AisseparatedfromBbyA和B為所分開／阻隔③separatesth(up)into把分成(幾分)

▲辨析：separate;divide;part都含“分開”的意思。

separate指“把原來在一起的人或物分開”。例如:Separatethosetwoboyswhoarefighting,willyou?(你)把那兩個(gè)打架的孩子拉開，好嗎?

divide指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整體分成若干部分”。part指“把密切相關(guān)的人或物分開”，還有“分手”之意。【考例】(NMET201*)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed[考查目標(biāo)]動(dòng)詞separate的詞義。

[答案與解析]Aseparated和get搭配有被動(dòng)意義，表示“被隔開；被分隔”。[牛刀小試1]

用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

(advance,means,cost,protect,fear,separate)1.Theteacherimprovedthestudents"Englishby____ofdictationandrecitation.(means)2.Allthegoods___mealmosthalfamilliondollars.(cost)3.Wemust____thewildanimalsfromthehunting.(protect)4.Everybabyshouldbe____afterheishorn.(separated)

5.Noneofthem____deathwhentheenemycameintothevillage.(feared)6.Therearetoomanypeople,soyoushouldhaveboughtaticketin____.(advance)☆詞語比較☆

1.wear,puton,haveon,dress,bein,tryon

(1)wearv.穿著；戴；蓄須(發(fā))；磨損；(臉容)呈現(xiàn)，顯出Heiswearinganovercoattoday.*wearout(把)穿破；(把)用壞；(使)疲乏；(使)耗盡Ihavewornoutmyshoes./Mypatiencewore(wasworn)out.

(2)puton穿上；戴上(側(cè)重穿著的動(dòng)作)Putonyoursweater,otherwiseyouwillfeelcold.(3)dressvt.給穿衣服n.衣服；連衣裙

dresssb.(insth.)或bedressed(insth.)注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Motherdressedherbabyandthentheywentdownstairs.

(4)haveon表示穿著的狀態(tài)，注意不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)。AttheSpringFestival,allchildrenhaveonnewclothes.(5)bein表示穿著的狀態(tài)Therewasagirlinred.(6)tryon試穿Motherwastryingonanewdress.2.strike,hit,beat

(1)hitvt.

①打；敲；擊；擊中；射中Hehitaballoverthefence./Thestonehithimonthehead.②使受到打擊Thebadnewshiteveryonehard.(2)beatvt.&vi.

①連續(xù)有節(jié)奏地打；敲

Therainheatagainstthewindow.

②(心)跳動(dòng)Hishearthadstoppedbeating.③(鳥翼)撲動(dòng)

Thebirdbeatitswingsrapidlyasitflewon.④打��；打贏；取勝

Ourchampioncanbeatallrunnersinthecountry.(3)strikevt.&vi.

①打；敲；擊；砍；打中；擊中Hestruckmewithhisfist.

Thehousewasstruckbylightning.②發(fā)起進(jìn)攻；襲擊

Hemovedawayastheanimalstruck.③撞；觸(礁)

Hisheadstruckthetableashefell.④擦(火柴)

Istruckamatchandheldittohiscigarette.

⑤(某種想法)忽然出現(xiàn)；忽然想起，相當(dāng)于occurto。Ahappythoughtstruckher.⑥給人深刻印象(常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài))

Iwasstruckbyherbeauty.

⑦罷工Theyarestrikingforhigherpay.

⑧(鐘)敲(響)Wewaitedfortheclocktostrikesix.3.complete,finish

complete可作形容詞，表示“徹底的；全面的”。complete與finish表示“完成”時(shí)的區(qū)別。

(1)complete作及物動(dòng)詞，只接n.或pron.，常用于完成預(yù)定的任務(wù)，工程建設(shè)等Therailwayisnotcompletedyet.

(2)finishvi./vt.指完成，結(jié)束一件事情；可接n.或doing。如：finishone"shomework/middleschool/writingthebook☆短語歸納☆

1.cutdown

(1)砍倒Ifyoucutdownallthetreesyouwillraintheland.(2)減少；削減Ihavedecidedtocutdownmysmoking.2.含get的短語

①getback回來，恢復(fù)，送回

②getoff下來，動(dòng)身，起飛③getup起床，站起來④geton上(車)

⑤geton/alongwith與某人相處．某事的進(jìn)展⑥gettogether聚首，碰頭⑦getawayfrom逃離⑧getonone"sfeet站起來⑨getdown下來⑩getonwellwith與相處融洽

?getmarried結(jié)婚?getto到達(dá)?getthrough通過，接通

?getdownto開始著手做某事

?getacross(使)通過?get(a)round傳開，說服

?getin進(jìn)入。收獲?getout出去，逃脫

[例句]Howareyougettingalongwithyourbusiness?生意進(jìn)展如何?/IfyoutakeMaryoutforadriveyoumustpromisetogetherbackforhermusiclesson.如果你帶瑪麗去兜風(fēng)的話，你必須答應(yīng)帶她回來上音樂課。/Ican"tgetmybootsoff,fortheyaretootight.我脫不掉靴子，它太緊了。/WealltrytogettogetheratleastonceayearatChristmastime.在圣誕期間我們盡量一年至少聚會(huì)一次。/Whenonehasbusinessonhanditishardtogetawayfromhome.如果一個(gè)人手頭有事，離開家很難。

【考例】(201*遼寧)Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It"stimeforusto____ourstudies．A.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getover[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查get短語。

[答案與解析]Agetdownto意為“開始著手做某事”；getout意為“離開，擺脫”；getbackfor意為“回去拿”；getover意為“克服，渡過”。本句話意思是：期末考試就要到了，我們?cè)撻_始學(xué)習(xí)了。

【考例】(NMET1993)Readerscan____quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.

A.getoverB.getinC.getalongD.getthrough[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查get短語。[答案與解析]Cgetover意為“痊愈，克服”；getin意為“插話”；getalong意為“進(jìn)展．繼續(xù)”；gelthrough意為“接通。辦完”。本句話意思是：讀者不必準(zhǔn)確知道每個(gè)詞的意思就能繼續(xù)下去。3.getaway(from)

(1)擺脫Waysmustbefoundtogetawayfrompoverty.(2)走開；離開Shedidn"tgetawayuntilninelastnight.

(3)逃走，使離開Thebankrobbersusedastolencartogetaway.(4)拿走Getalltheepartydishesaway!4.getcloseto

(1)closeadj.靠近；接近Thechurchisclosetotheshops.親密；密切

Areyouaclosefriendoftheirs?(2)closeadv.靠近；接近

Hewasstandingclosetothedoor.

(3)closev.關(guān)上；關(guān)閉(不開發(fā))；結(jié)束

Sheclosedhereyes./Hereyesclosed.(閉上)(4)closelyadv.緊密地；仔細(xì)地；密切地

Hegotcloselyintouchwiththemagazinesoftoday.Thelittlebabywascloselylookedafterbyher.[比較]

(1)close與closely作副詞時(shí)，close含具體之意，closely含抽象之意。(2)類似的詞組有high(高)--highly(高度地)，deep(深深地)--deeply(深入地)，wide(很開，寬)--widely(廣泛地)，low(低的)--lowly(低賤的)(作形容詞)5.handin交上去(給老師或上級(jí))；交來(handv.)Eachstudenthastohandinacompositiononceaweek.[比較]

(1)handdown傳下來；傳給Ourfatherhandeddownthesecustomstous.(2)handonto傳給，傳遞Theywillhandthephotographtothosewhohavenotseenit.(3)handout發(fā)給大家；散發(fā)Theteacherhandedoutthebooksatthebeginningofthelesson．

6.insteadof代替

(1)insteadof+n./pron.

Givemetheredoneinstead0fthegreenone.

(2)insteadof+doing

Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator.(3)insteadof+介詞短語

Hestudiesintheeveninginsteadofduringtheday.[比較]

(1)insteadadv.作為替代(而)，代替IfHarryisnotwellenoughtogowithyou,takemeinstead.

(2)ratherthan而不是，與其寧愿Heranratherthanwalked.

(3)inplaceof代替，而不用TheChineseusechopsticksinplaceofknivesandforks.7.含take的短語①takeapicture照相，拍照

②takeataxi/bus,etc.打的(坐公交車等)③takeaway拿走，奪取，使離去④takecareof小心，照料，保管⑤takeoff脫，去掉，取消，起飛

⑥takeout拿出，帶出去

⑦takeone"splace就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置⑧takeplace發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生⑨t(yī)akeexercise做運(yùn)動(dòng)⑩takeaseat坐下?taketurns輪流

?takeanactivepartin積極參加?takeamessage捎口信?takeon從事，呈現(xiàn)?taketheplaceof取代，代替?takeapart拆開?takedown拿下，記下?take...for...誤認(rèn)為?takein吸收，接納

?takeup拿起．從事．占據(jù)

[例句]FatherwasconvincedthatPeterwasunhappyatboardingschool,andmadearrangementstotakehimaway.父親確信彼得在寄宿學(xué)校不開心，決定把他帶走。/Willyoulakecareofbuyingthewinefortonight"sparty?你負(fù)責(zé)為今晚的晚會(huì)買酒水好嗎?/Theboysgotintothecarandtookoffforthedrugstore.男孩們進(jìn)到車?yán)铮�開車去了藥店。/HetookmyplaceinthequeuesothatIcouldgoandgetsomethingtoeat.他替我排好了隊(duì)，以便我能夠回去弄點(diǎn)兒吃的。8.usedto

(1)usedtodosth.過去常常(現(xiàn)在已不如此)Weusedtogrowbeautifulroses.注意：否定句和疑問句有兩種Youusedn’ttomakethatmistake.Shedidn"tuse(d)todoit,didshe?

Youusedtosmokeapipe,didn"tyou?/use(d)n"tyou?(2)be/get/becomeusedto+n./doing習(xí)慣于Ihavealwaysbeenusedtohardwork.Hegotusedtolivinginthecountry.(3)beusedtodo被用來做

Thisknifeisusedtocutbread.

表示“過去常常”時(shí)，usedto與would區(qū)別：

(1)would只強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去常常”，usedto說明現(xiàn)在不是如此。Theoldwomanwouldsitthereforhoursdoingnothing.

(2)would只接行為動(dòng)詞，usedto可接行為動(dòng)詞和表狀態(tài)的詞。如：be,like,know,have。Thereusedtobeatempleatthefootofthemountain.9.watchout當(dāng)心；注意You"llbecheatedifyoudon"twatchout.(1)watchoutfor=lookoutfor提防；當(dāng)心Youmustalwayswatchoutforthetraffichere!(2)watchover照看；看守；負(fù)責(zé)

Themotherbirdiswatchingoverheryoung.10.含“動(dòng)詞+out”短語

①comeout出來，出版，傳出②goout出去，熄滅，不時(shí)興③lookout當(dāng)心，注意

④takeout拿出，取出，帶出去⑤rushout沖出去，匆忙大量生產(chǎn)⑥tryout嘗試，試驗(yàn)

⑦watchout小心

⑧wearout穿破，用壞，(使)疲乏，消磨⑨findout找出，查出

⑩makeout填寫，完成．設(shè)法應(yīng)付?getout出去，逃離，泄露，公布?pickout看出，選出?thinkout想出

?giveout發(fā)出，筋疲力盡?setout出發(fā)，陳述

[例句]Pleasegooutandtellthechildrentomakelessnoise.請(qǐng)出去告訴孩子們不要吵鬧。/Thesebicycleshavebeenrushedoutandnotuptoourusualstandard.這些自行車匆忙大量生產(chǎn)，沒有達(dá)到我們的正常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。/Watchout.Thetrainiscoming.小心，火車來了。/Yourwillwearoutyourpatienceintime,myfriend.朋友，最終我們會(huì)沒有耐心的。

【考例】(201*湖北)Thispicturewastakenalongtimeago.Iwonderifyoucan____myfather.A.findoutB.pickout

C.lookoutD.speakout

[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查out構(gòu)成的短語意思區(qū)別。[答案與解析]Bpickout意為“挑選，辨別出”；findout意為“找出．發(fā)現(xiàn)”；lookout意為“留神，注意”：speakout意為“大聲說出”。[牛刀小試2]

請(qǐng)根據(jù)句意，選用所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空：

(getaway，takeup，takeon，thinkout，getdownto)

1.--Shallwesetoffrightnow?--Sorry.I"mtoobusyto____forthemoment.(getaway)2.Thefinalexaminationiscoming:youreallymust____yourstudies.(getdown)

3.Themanagerdoesn"thavemuchfreetimeashiswork____nearlyallhissparetime.(takesup)4.Wealsosharedanumberofqualitieswhichwefellwereinourfavorwhenwe____thetask.(tookon)

5.Hemighthave___hisideaabouttheartexhibitionmuchbetter,ifhehadplannedwhathewantedtosay.(thoughtout)

☆句型歸納☆

1.Youshouldn"tgoraftingunlessyouknowhowtoswim,andyoushouldalwayswearalifejacket.除非你會(huì)游泳，而且要一直穿著救生衣，否則就不應(yīng)該去做漂流運(yùn)動(dòng)。該句中的unless引導(dǎo)狀語從句。例如：Onecan"tlearnaforeignlanguagewellunlesshestudieshard.

unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，一般可以與if...not...互換。還要注意unless引導(dǎo)的從句經(jīng)�？梢允÷�。

【考例】(200l北京春招)Themenwillhavetowaitallday____thedoctorworksfaster.A.ifB.unlessC.whetherD.that[考查目標(biāo)]狀語從句。

[答案與解析]B句子意思是“如果醫(yī)生不快點(diǎn)工作，這些人將不得不等一整天。”應(yīng)該選unless。

2.Eco-travelisawaytofindoutwhatcanbedonetohelpanimalsandplantsaswellaspeople.生態(tài)游可以找到既幫助別人．又幫助動(dòng)植物的途徑。

該句中的aswellas是連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。例如:HecanspeakGermanaswellasFrench.常見的用法:

1.well是副詞，意思是“好，優(yōu)秀”，aswellas是形容詞同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)。

2.aswellas是固定短語，意思是“和”，相當(dāng)于"notonlybutalso..."。

3.aswellas連接兩個(gè)并列成分作主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與前面那個(gè)名詞或代詞的人稱或數(shù)保持一致。

4.aswellas還可當(dāng)作復(fù)雜介詞用，意思是“除了之外，還有”；相當(dāng)于"besides，apartfrom"。5.aswell，是副詞短語，意思是“也”，相當(dāng)于“too/also”常位于句尾，與too位置相當(dāng)。6.may/mightaswelldosth表示“還是的好”。

【考例】(NMET1994)Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthanDavid.

A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas[考查目標(biāo)]aswellas連接比較狀語從句。

[答案與解析]B該句中ifnotbetterthan相當(dāng)于插入語，起干擾作用，如果不予考慮，原句就變成了同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)"JohnplaysfootballaswellasDavid"。

3.Beforeshecouldmove，sheheardaloudnoise.她還沒有來得及動(dòng)彈，就聽見很響的聲音。However,beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.但還沒有回過身來，洪水便逼近了她。

該兩句中的before用作連詞，后接時(shí)間狀語從句。before用作連詞，接時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，表示“在之前”。但在不同的語境中，往往有比較靈活的譯法。例如:Heknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他差一點(diǎn)把我撞倒，才看到我。

【考例】(201*廣東)TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearstheNorthwonintheend.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then[考查目標(biāo)]時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞選擇。

[答案與解析]Bbefore表示“直到”。

4.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.洪水想必深達(dá)三米，樹一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水沖斷了。

該句中的musthavebeen表示推測(cè)。例如：Youlooksotired.Youmusthavestayeduplastnight.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may，might，most．can，could常用來表示推測(cè)。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑問句中。may，might，must，can，could后接動(dòng)詞原形表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)；may，might，must，can，could后接havedone。表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)。例如：

Youmaybeaprofessor./Shemusthavemetafairy.

【考例】(201*遼寧)Thiscakeisverysweet.You____alotofsugarinit.{"Error":{"code":"8","Message":"badrequest","LogId":"1800058577"}}(1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表近期的，事先已經(jīng)計(jì)劃安排好的--Howareyougettingtotheairport?

--Bytaxi.Bobiscomingwithmetotheairport.(2)willdo和shalldo

①表客觀將來。shall用于第一人稱，will用于第一、

二、三人稱。Iwill/shallfinishmiddleschoolnextmonth.

②表有科學(xué)根據(jù)的預(yù)測(cè)。Theweatherreportsaysitwillraintomorrow.③表客觀必然。Manwillmakemistakes.(3)begoingto

①表現(xiàn)在打算在近期或?qū)�來要做某事。I"mgoingtofinishmyhomeworktonight.②表根據(jù)已有跡象的預(yù)測(cè)。It"ssodarkoutside,Ithinkit"sgoingtorain.

③begoingto不與come,go連用，而用becoming,begoing形式。Maryiscomingherethisevening.[注意]

表計(jì)劃、安排、規(guī)定要做的事，用“be+todo”。此外，表示按時(shí)刻表運(yùn)行的動(dòng)作常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。Themeetingistobeheldat9:00a.m./Ourplaneleavesat6:00a.m..[牛刀小試3]

1.____youcallmetosayyou"renotcoming,I"llseeyouatthetheatre.(201*吉林)A.ThoughB.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless

2.Nowthatyou"vegotachance,you____makefulluseofit.(NMET1999)A.hadbettertoB.mightaswell

C.mightaswellasD.wouldrather

3.Itwasevening____wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.(201*天津)A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before

4.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,____?(201*上海春招)

A.didn"ttheyB.don"tthey

C.mustn"ttheyD.haven"tthey

5.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,____wehadn"texpected.(201*北京春招)A.whenB.thatC.whichD.whatDBDDC

☆交際速成☆

【考點(diǎn)1】Talkingaboutintentionsandplans.談?wù)撘庠负痛蛩?201*江蘇)--Howlongareyoustaying?--Idon"tknow.____.A.That"sOKB.Nevermind

C.ItdependsD.Itdoesn"tmatter

[答案與解析]C本題考查具體語境下被詢問打算時(shí)的應(yīng)答。A項(xiàng)用于回答感謝和道歉，B、D兩項(xiàng)用于回答道歉，C項(xiàng)表示“看情況而定”�！練w納】英語中常見表達(dá)意愿和打算的用語有：①I"llgowithyou.

②I"mgoingtoseemyheadteacherthisafternoon.③I"dliketomakeaphonecalltoherafterclass.④Iwant/hopetofindanEnglishpenfriend.⑤IplantogotoHangzhouthissummer.⑥Wearereadytomovetoanewhouse.⑦BillintendstospendhisvocationinCalifornia.⑧I"mthinkingofdrivingtoBeijing.⑨Wherewouldyouprefergoing...?⑩Howwouldyouliketogoto...??Whenareyougoingoffto...??Howareyougoingto...?

【考點(diǎn)2】Expressinggoodwishes祝愿(201*廣東)

Tom:Mike,ourteamwillplayagainsttheRocketsthisweekend.I"msurewewillwin.Mike:____!

A.CongratulationsB.Cheers

C.BestwishesD.Goodluck

[答案與解析]D考查祝愿用語。在比賽前表示祝愿的話用Goodluck。Congratulations用于成功之后的祝賀。Cheers意為“干杯”。Bestwishes多用于書面語，表示“萬事如意”的意思。

【歸納】英語中常見表達(dá)祝愿的用語有：①Haveagoodday/time!②Haveagoodjourney/trip!③Goodluck!④Enjoyyourself!⑤Bestwishestoyou!⑥HappyNewYear!⑦Happybirthday!⑧MerryChristmas!應(yīng)答語有：①Thankyou.

②You,too.

③Thesametoyou.

【考點(diǎn)3】Describingemotions描述人物的情感(201*上海春招)

--I"mafraidIcan"tfinishthebookwithinthisweek.--____.

A.PleasegoaheadB.That"sallright

C.NotatallD.Takeyourtime

[答案與解析]D本題考查時(shí)表示遺憾情感的應(yīng)答。A項(xiàng)表示“請(qǐng)吧，說吧”，用于回答許可或讓對(duì)方先行。B、C兩項(xiàng)是感謝或道歉的答語，D項(xiàng)表示“別著急，慢慢來”，符合語境�！練w納】中學(xué)英語中描述人物情感的用語有：

①(恐懼)Help!/Howterrible!/I"mafraidof.../I"mafraidto.../Youscaredme!/Itscaresme!②(高興)(It"s)welldone!/Howwonderful!/That"sgreat!/I"mpleasedto...③(驚奇)Really!/Ohdear!/Isthatso?/Whatasurprise!/Howsurprising!

④(憂慮)What"swrong?/what"sthematter?/Anythingwrong?/Whatshouldwedo?

⑤(安慰)There,there./Don"tbeafraid.／Don"tworry./It"s(quite)allright./It"llbeOK/allright.⑥(滿意)Good!/Welldone!／Perfect!/That"sfine./That"sbetter.

⑦(遺憾)I"msosorry!/It"sagreatpity!/Whatashame!/That"stoobad!

⑧(同情)I"msosorry!/I"msosorry(aboutyourillness)./I"msorrytohearthat.⑨(憤怒)Damn!/Howannoying!

⑩(鼓勵(lì))Welldone!/Comeon!/Keeptrying./Youcandoit![牛刀小試4]

1.--I"dliketotakeaweek"sholiday.--____,we"retoobusy.

A.Don"tworryB.Don"tmentionitC.ForgetitD.Pardonme

2.--Iwassosurethatourexperimentwasgoingtosucceed,butsomethingwentwrongatthelastmoment.

--____,butdon"tgiveitup.

A.FindoutthereasonB.Nevermind

C.I"msorrytohearthatD.Youdon"t"meanthat

3.--Ijustheardthattheticketsfortonight"sshowhavebeensoldout.--Ohno!____.A.IwaslookingforwardtothatB.Itdoesn"tmatterC.IknewitalreadyD.It"snotatallinteresting4.--WearegoingtotraveltoItaly.--____.A.GoodbyeB.Goahead

C.Iliketogo,tooD.Haveagoodtime5.--I"dratherhavesometea,ifyoudon"tmind.--____.

A.ThankyouverymuchB.Yes,Ilikeso

C.No,it"snothingD.Ofcourse,anythingyouwantCCADD☆精典題例☆

1.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(NMET201*春上海)

A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut

【解析】選C本題是在語境中考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本句意為“雨林以這樣的速度被砍伐和焚燒，會(huì)導(dǎo)致它在不久的將來從地球上消失�！斌w會(huì)語境和句意便知此處選擇C項(xiàng)，表示現(xiàn)階段在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

2.Twenty-threehourshaspassedaftertheexplosioninthemine,butrescueeffortstorecoverthemissing____carriedout.

A.arestillbeingB.havealreadybeenC.arealwaysD.willsoonbe

【解析】選A本句意為“礦井爆炸已過23小時(shí)了，但對(duì)失蹤人員的搜索還在進(jìn)行中�！�3.--Whenareyouleaving?--Myplane____at10:45.A.takesoffB.tookoff

C.isabouttotakeoffD.willtakeoff【解析】選A飛機(jī)是按時(shí)刻表運(yùn)行的。4.--Excuseme,whattimeisitnow?

--Sorry,mywatch____.It____attheshop.A.isn"tworking;isbeingrepaired

B.doesn"twork;isbeingrepairedC.isn"tworking;isrepairedD.doesn"twork;isrepaired

【解析】選Bdoesn"twork說明“手表不工作”的狀態(tài)，而不只是現(xiàn)在才壞了。后句意為“手表正在商店里修理”，故應(yīng)用isbeingrepaired。

5.John,whoisconsidered____awarm-heartedman,isconsidering____hisneighboroutoftrouble.

A.tobe;tohelpB.tobe;helpingC.being;tohelpD.being;helping

【解析】選Bbeconsideredtobe“被認(rèn)為是”；considerdoing“考慮做某事”。6.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation____itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as

【解析】選C意思是“在事情還未變得更糟之前及時(shí)糾正錯(cuò)誤”。

7.--Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.

--Itdoesn"tmatter.I____lendyoumine.

A.amtoB.amgoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.will

【解析】選Dbeto表示按計(jì)劃安排將來的動(dòng)作，begoingto表示最近打算做某事，will在此是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“意志；意愿”。如：Iwilltellyouallaboutit.

8.Childrenatthebeginningofthiscentury____alotand____themselvesgreatlyevenwithouttelevision.

A.usedtoread;enjoyingB.usedtoread;enjoyedC.wereusedtoreading;enjoyD.wereusedtoread;enjoying

【解析】選B前后時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致。

高一英語各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit5-6☆重點(diǎn)句型☆

1.Whilestillastudent,sheplayedrolesinmanyplays.連詞+名詞做時(shí)間狀語

2.Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaid連詞+過去分詞做時(shí)間狀語

3.Whendrinkingtosomeone"shealth,youraiseyourglasses.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞做時(shí)間狀語4.It"sacustominChinatohavesometeabeforethemealisserved.It做形式主語5.Manypeoplelikethisfilmnotjustbecause...,butalsobecause...并列連詞

6.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing...動(dòng)名詞做主賓語☆重點(diǎn)詞匯☆1.commentv.評(píng)論2.marryv.結(jié)婚3.createv.創(chuàng)造4.attackv.進(jìn)攻5.crueltyn.殘酷6.escapev.逃跑

7.advicen.忠告；建議

8.affordv.花得起(錢、時(shí)間)9.encouragev.鼓勵(lì)10.researchn.研究11.interruptv.打斷；打擾12.apologizev.道歉13.prayv.請(qǐng)求；祈禱14.forgivev.原諒；寬恕15.matchv.相配；相適應(yīng)16.mannersn.禮貌17.impressionn.印象

18.liveadj.&adv.活的；直播的(地)19.customn.習(xí)慣；風(fēng)俗20.introducevt.介紹；引進(jìn)☆重點(diǎn)短語☆

1.takeoff脫掉；起飛；成功2.gowrong出錯(cuò)；出問題

3.can"thelpdoing情不自禁做某事4.takeone"splace代替某人5.runafter追逐；追蹤

6.winaprize獲獎(jiǎng)

7.thinkhighlyof贊揚(yáng)；對(duì)高度評(píng)價(jià)

8.callfor需要；索取9.inall總共

10.playarole扮演角色(作用)11.makemoney掙錢12.winover爭取過來13.workon從事，致力于

14.owesuccessto把成功歸功于某人15.startwith以開始16.runawayfromschool逃學(xué)17.ontheair正在播出的18.doresearch進(jìn)行調(diào)查19.speedup加速

20.followthefashion追隨時(shí)尚

☆短語闖關(guān)☆

下列短語都是這兩個(gè)單元學(xué)過的重要短語，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填入一個(gè)正確的詞，每個(gè)詞4分，80分才能過關(guān)。你一定能過關(guān)，做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?

l.____screen銀幕，電影(業(yè))

2.take____成功；成名；脫掉(衣服)；(飛機(jī))起飛3.____wrong走錯(cuò)路；誤入歧途；不對(duì)頭；出毛病4.owesth____sb把歸功于某人5.____all總共；總之6.stay____不在家，外出7.____school小學(xué)

8.locksb____將某人鎖于某處不得進(jìn)出；將某人監(jiān)禁起來9.run____追趕

10.bringsb____送回某人11.____theair正在播出的

12.thinkhighly____對(duì)高度評(píng)價(jià)13.leave____省去；遺漏；不考慮14.stare____盯著

15.make____aboutsb以某人為笑柄

16.drink(atoast)____為祝酒；為干杯17.win____戰(zhàn)勝

18.____commentson對(duì)加以評(píng)論

19.looksb____看望，拜訪某人

20.____arolein在中扮演角色；在方面起作用21.____aprize獲獎(jiǎng)

22.tosbfor(doing)sth因某事向某人道歉

23.makeagoodimpression____給留下好印象24.____silent保持沉默25.payavisit____拜訪☆交際用語☆

1.Whatdoyouthinkhashappened?

2.Whatdoyouknowabout…?

3.Howdoyoulike…?/Whatdoyouthinkof…?/Whatdbyoufeel...?4.MayIinterruptyouforamoment?

5.Excuseme/Forgivemefor.../Iapologizefor…6.I"m(very/so/terribly)sorry.It"sallmyfault.7.That"sallright./That"sOK./Noproblem.8.Iwishyouallthebest.9.I"msorry.Ididn"tmeanto...10.Let"sdrink(atoast)to...!☆單詞聚焦☆1.afford

(1)(和can，could，beableto連用)有(時(shí)間、經(jīng)濟(jì)等)條件(做某事)+todoWecan"taffordtopaysuchaprice.afford+n./pron.(出得起；買得起等)

Theydonotconsiderwhethertheycanafforditornot.(2)經(jīng)得起(做某事或發(fā)生某事)(多+todo)Hecouldnotaffordtolosehisfortuneentirely.2.apologize的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：apologyn.辯解，道歉▲搭配：

①apologizetosbfor(doing)sth=makeanapology的sbfor(doing)sth向某人為某事(為做了某事)道歉

②apologizeforoneself為自己辯解或辯護(hù)

【考例】[NMET1993]Thecaptain____anapologytothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweather.

A.madeB.saidC.putD.passed[考查目標(biāo)]apologize及其名詞的用法和搭配。[答案與解析]Amakeanapology的意思是“道歉”。3.choice的用法▲搭配：

①makeachoice選擇

②makechoiceof挑選，選擇，選定③make/takeone"schoice任意挑選

④havenochoicebuttodosth非不可，除之外別無他法

【考例】[MET1993]We"vemissedthelastbus,I"mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.A.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection[考查目標(biāo)]choice的意思和習(xí)慣搭配。

[答案與解析]Bchoice是choose的名詞形式．意思是“選擇”，在本句中構(gòu)成固定搭配havenochoicebuttodosth“不得不干”。4.determine的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：determinationn.決心，決斷，決意；決定，確定▲搭配：

①determinetodosth決定做某事②determineon/upon(doing)sth決定③amanofdetermination有決斷力的人

▲辨析：decide；determine這兩個(gè)詞都有“決定”的意思。decide的含義是“不再遲疑不定”，而

determine含義是“把某件事確定下來”。在bedeterminedtodo這個(gè)固定的結(jié)構(gòu)中。過去分詞determined的詞義為“下定了決心”。decide的名詞為decision，determine的名詞為determination。例如：Atfirst，shedecidedtogotothepolice，起初，她決定去找警察

▲友情提示:decide后跟賓語從句時(shí)，其含義有時(shí)是“斷

定”。IdecidedthatImusthavetakenawrongturningsomewhere.我斷定我一定是在某處拐錯(cuò)彎了。Thedeterminationofthemeaningofawordisoftendifficultwithoutacontext.脫離上下文來確定一個(gè)詞的含義常常是困難的。

注：在determinetodo...，determineon(upon)...和determinethat...。(賓語從句)三個(gè)搭配中，determine的詞義和decide幾乎沒有多大差異。Hedetermined/decidedtolearnmedicine.他決定學(xué)醫(yī)。

注：decidesbtodosth決定使某人做某事Whatdecidedyoutogiveupyourjob?什么因素使你決定放棄你的工作?

【考例】[201*京皖春招]BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle,hemustknowwhyitdoesnotwork.Forexample,hemust____thepartsthatarewrong.A.checkB.determineC.correctD.recover[考查目標(biāo)]determine的用法。

[答案與解析]Bdetermine和decide在一般情況下意思相同。5.encourage的用法▲構(gòu)詞：

①encouragingadj.鼓勵(lì)的，給予希望的，振奮人心的。令人歡欣鼓舞的②encouragedadj.被激勵(lì)的，受到鼓舞的③encouragementn.鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì)④discouragev.使泄氣；勸阻

▲搭配：①encouragesbtodosth鼓勵(lì)某人做某事②beencouragedby受鼓勵(lì)／鼓舞【考例】[201*北京]Myadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake[考查目標(biāo)]encourage的用法。

[答案與解析]Dencouragesbtodosth鼓勵(lì)某人干某事。句意為：我的導(dǎo)師鼓勵(lì)我參加一個(gè)夏季課程來提高我的寫作技巧。

6.escape(vi,vt)escaped,escaping

(1)逃走；跑掉+from/outof=runawayfromThesoldierescapedfromtheenemy"sprison.(2)逃脫；逃避+n./doing

Henarrowlyescapeddeath/beingkilled.

There"snowaytoescapedoingthework.escape還可表示：①（液體等）漏出gasescapingfromthepipe煤氣從管中漏出Waterescapedrapidlyfromthedrainpipe.水從排水管中迅速流出。

②避免escapeddeath免于一死Thereisnoescapinghim.怎么也避不開他。③疏忽，忽略Nothingescapedhisattention.什么也逃不過他的注意。Youcannotexpectthatsomethingmayescapetheteacher"sattention.你不要奢望有什么能逃過老師的注意。escapen

①逃走Thethiefmadehisescape.小偷逃走了。

②（氣體）漏出，泄出；解悶Shereadslovestoriesasanescape.她讀愛情小說解悶。7.hunt的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：huntern.獵人，搜尋者▲搭配：

①huntfor/after追獵；尋找，搜尋②huntout找出；調(diào)查出

【考例】Hewanderedinthestreet,____anewjacketforhisnephew.A.huntingforB.waitingforC.shootingforD.aimingfor

[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查huntfor的意思。

[答案與解析]Ahuntfor原來是“獵取”的意思，引中為“搜尋，尋找”。

8.impressionn.印象

(1)impression(onsb.)(給某人)印象Hisspeechmadeastrongimpressiononhisaudience.(2)impression(ofsth.)(對(duì)某事物)印象；想法That"smyfirstimpressionofthenewcollege.(3)impresssb.withsth.給予某人深刻印象=impresssth.onsb.使某人銘記Theteacherimpressedonhisstudentstheimportanceofspeaking.=Theteacherimpre-ssedhisstudentswiththeimportanceofspeaking.9.interrupt的用法vt,vi①阻斷；中斷Don"tinterruptme.別打斷我。Trafficinthecitywasinterruptedbyasnowstorm.市內(nèi)交通被暴風(fēng)雪所阻斷。

②打岔；插嘴Itisrudetointerrupt.打斷別人的話，是不禮貌的�！癉on"tinterrupt,”hesaid.“別插話,”他說�！鴺�(gòu)詞：

①interruptern.打岔者，打斷者

②interruptionn.打岔．打斷，使中斷的事物

【考例】[201*山西模擬]Bequiet!It"srudeto____peoplewhentheyaretalking.A.stopB.introduceC.preventD.interrupt[考查目標(biāo)]interrupt的詞義。

[答案與解析]Dinterrupt的意思是“打斷；使中斷”．后接指人或指物的各種名詞。

10.marry

(1)vi.結(jié)婚Hedidn"tmarryuntilhewasfifty.(2)vt.和結(jié)婚JeanisgoingtomarryHubert.

(3)vt.(父母)嫁(女兒)Hemarriedhisdaughtertoabusinessman.

(4)vt.(教士等)為主持結(jié)婚儀式We"vecometoaskifyouwillmarrythem.[比較]

(1)getmarried(tosb.)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作Hisoldestgirlgotmarriedlastmonth.(2)bemarried(tosb.)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?11.moment的用法n.

①片刻；瞬間Hewillbehereinamoment.他一會(huì)兒就來。AtthemomentIamworking.此刻我正在工作。

②時(shí)機(jī)；機(jī)遇；時(shí)宜Chooseyourmomenttovisithim.你選個(gè)合適的時(shí)機(jī)去拜訪他。③重要性amatterofgreatmoment一件極重要的事情

▲搭配：

①atanymoment隨時(shí)；在任何時(shí)候；馬上②atthelastmoment在最后關(guān)頭③atthemoment此刻；(正當(dāng))那時(shí)④everymoment時(shí)時(shí)刻刻

⑤foramoment片刻

⑥inamoment一會(huì)兒，不久；立即，馬上

⑦themoment(that)...一就

【考例】[NMET201*II]"CanI?Idon"tthinkIcan,"Racysaidwithalaugh."ButIdohave____whenthingscometomefornoreason."

A.eventsB.chancesC.feelingsD.moments[考查目標(biāo)]moment的詞義。[答案與解析]Dmoment可以指“時(shí)刻”，在本句中用了復(fù)數(shù)，意思是“一些次”。12.owe的用法owed,owing▲搭配：

①（常與for連用）欠，欠債Ioweyouforyourhelp.我感謝你的幫助。(也可以是owesth.或owesb.sth)Thefoodcost￡4,butIonlypaid￡3soIstillowe￡1.食品要4英鎊，可我只付了3英鎊，因此我還欠1英鎊。Ioweyouanapology.我該向你道歉。☆owesbsthforsth或owesthtosbforsth為欠某人

②對(duì)負(fù)有義務(wù)；感恩；感激Weoweourparentsalot.我們十分感激父母。

③（常與to連用）歸功于；由于Sheoweshersuccesstogoodluck.她把成功歸功于幸運(yùn)。Theyoungwriterowedhissuccesstohisteacher"sencouragement.年輕作家把自己的成功歸于他老師的鼓勵(lì)。

【考例】[201*湖北]"HowmuchdoI____you?""Oh,no,"Paulsaid.A.OweB.lendC.giveD.offer[考查目標(biāo)]考查owe的詞義和用法。

[答案與解析]Aowe表示“欠”的時(shí)候是及物動(dòng)詞，可以接雙賓語。13.reasonn.原因；理由

(1)+todosth.Youhaven"tanyreasontoleaveme.

(2)+forsth./doingPeoplemusthaveareasonforsayingsuchthings.

(3)+從句；從句用why/forwhich引導(dǎo)Thatisthereasonwhyyoushouldleave.(4)for+reason，為了某種原因Heisretiringforreasonsofhealth.[比較]cause“原因；起因”

thecauseofthefire火災(zāi)的起因(引起某種后果的起因)thereasonforbeinglate遲到的理由(做某件事的理由)14.role

(1)(戲劇中的)角色Oliverplayed(acted)therole/partofHamlet.(2)(現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的)身份；作用WhatisyourroleontheCommittee?

(3)playa...rolein...=playa...partin在中扮演角色或作用Theheadmasterplaysanimportantrole/partinthegoodrunningofaschool.15.servev.

(1)為服務(wù)／工作Aslaveserveshismaster.

(2)接待(顧客)Theshopassistantisservingacustomer.

(3)侍候吃飯，端(菜)；供應(yīng)(飯菜)Lunchisservednow.

(4)serveas充任(某職務(wù))作用Sheservedasamodelforseveralpainters./Thisboxwillserveas/foraseat.16.speed的用法▲搭配：

①atahighspeed以很大的速度

②atfull/topspeed用全速，開足馬力，盡力(快)地；③withgreat/anspeed用全速，開足馬力④speedup加速，快點(diǎn)

【考例】Wehadtriedourbestbutthebossstillshouted,"____!"A.SpeedupB.NohurryC.WaitaminuteD.Slowdown[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查speed及其構(gòu)成的短語的意思。

[答案與解析]Aspeedup意思是“加速，快點(diǎn)”的意思。17.stare的用法vi,vt--stared,staring凝視，注視

Hestaredatthewordtryingtorememberwhatitmeant.他盯著這個(gè)單詞，努力想記起它的意思。

[習(xí)慣用語]stareoneintheface近在眼前；擺在眼前

▲辨析：gaze；stare；glare這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義是“凝視”。

gaze表示“目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看”，并含有“驚嘆”、“羨慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如：Shegazedatthecarpetforsometime,andthenadded,"Youdon"tneedbookcasesatall."她對(duì)地毯凝視了一會(huì)兒，然后補(bǔ)充說：“你根本不需要書柜�！�

stare特別表示“睜大眼睛凝視”，并含有“驚奇”、“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思。例如：Thenoblestaredattheblanksheetofpaperforafewseconds.那位貴族對(duì)那張空白紙凝視了幾秒鐘。glare表示“兇狠而且?guī)в型�脅性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如：Thetrappedeagleglaredathiscaptors.被誘捕到的雄鷹兇狠地瞪著捕獲它的人。

【考例】[NMET1999]____himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch

[考查目標(biāo)]stare等近義詞辨別。[答案與解析]Dwatch意思是“觀察”，是長時(shí)問關(guān)注；而stareat卻是“盯著”。含有驚奇、傲慢的感情色彩。

18.trouble(1)麻煩；煩惱；煩心的事(可數(shù)，不可數(shù))Itisapitytogiveyousomuchtrouble./Lifeisfulloftroubles.

(2)困難；費(fèi)事(不可數(shù))havetroublewithsth./havetrouble(in)doingsth.(=difficulty)Didyouhavemuchtroubleinfindingthepostoffice?/Ihopeyouwon"thaveanytroublewiththework.

[相關(guān)短語]

(1)askfortrouble自尋煩惱；自找麻煩Whatmadeyouwritesuchaletter?Itwasaskingfortrouble.

(2)(be)introuble有煩事；有困難；出事；惹麻煩Henevercameexceptwhenhewasintrouble.

(3)putsb.totrouble給某人造成麻煩；增添麻煩Iamsorryforputtingyoutosomuchtrouble.

(4)taketroubletodosth.費(fèi)心做某事；費(fèi)心Itwasgoodofyoutotakethetroubletohelpus.

[牛刀小試1]用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：(speed，owe，encourage，decide，moment，apologize)

1.willneverforgetthe____givenbyMr.Wang,whichhelpedmeovercomealotdifficulty.2.Ihavemadea___thateverydepartmentinourcompanyshouldbuyacomputerofthiskind.3.Irecognizedthemanthe____Isawhimatthecorner.4.Sinceitwasabitlater，wehadto____up.

5.Wemust____oursuccesstoourparentsandteachers.

6.Theparentscamefromthefar-awayvillage,makingan____fortheirnaughtyson.☆詞語比較☆

1.win,beat,defeat表示獲勝、取勝的詞語(1)winv.贏，獲勝，接比賽或獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)winagame/aprize/anhonor/arace./Ourteamwonthegame8to7./Hewonbyfivepoints./Hewonherloveatlast./Hewonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.

(2)beat+對(duì)手，表打敗(尤指體育比賽)Icaneasilybeathimatgolf.(3)defeat表戰(zhàn)勝，接對(duì)手Theenemywasdefeatedinthebattle.2.intheend,finally,atlast

三者均可表示“(經(jīng)過周折、等待、耽誤)最后，終于”之意。不同的是：

finally一般用在句中動(dòng)詞前面，而atlast與intheend的位置則較為靈活；

三者中atlast語氣最為強(qiáng)烈，且可單獨(dú)作為感嘆句使用。Afterputtingitoffthreetimes,wefinallymanagedtohaveaholidayinDalian./Atlastheknewthemeaningoflife./Atlast!Whereonearthhaveyoubeen?/Butintheendhegavein.

另外，finally還可用在列舉事項(xiàng)時(shí)，引出最后一個(gè)內(nèi)容，相當(dāng)于lastly。Firstly,weshouldmakeaplan;secondly,weshouldcarryitout;finallyweshouldmakeaconclu-sion.3.bysea,bythesea,inthesea,onthesea,atsea

(1)bysea“走海路，乘船”，用來表示交通方式，同byship同義。Theseheavyboxesshouldbesentbysea.

(2)bythesea“在海邊”，相當(dāng)于by(at)theseaside。ThechildrenenjoyedthemselvesbytheseaonChildren"sDay.

(3)inthesea“在海里，在海水中”Therearemanyplantsandanimalsinthesea.(4)onthesea“在海面上”，“在海岸邊”。Iwanttoliveinatownwithabeautifulpositiononthesea.

(5)atsea在海上；在航海Whenhewokeup,theshipwasatsea.4.beafraid,beafraidtodosth.,beafraidof(doing)sth.(1)beafraid意為“擔(dān)心，害怕”，多用于口語，常用來表示一種歉意，或遺憾，后可接so或not，也可接that從句。I"mafraid(that)其語意相當(dāng)于I"msorry,but...。

--Areweontime?我們準(zhǔn)時(shí)嗎?--I"mafraidnot.恐怕不準(zhǔn)時(shí)。I"mafraidyou"llgetcaughtintherain.

(2)beafraidtodosth常表示“由于膽小而不敢做某事”。Sheisafraidtobeherealone./Heisafraidtojumpintotheriverfromthebridge.

(3)beafraidof(doing)sth.常表示“擔(dān)心或害怕某事(發(fā)生)”。Iwasafraidofhurtingherfeelings.

5.live,living,alive,lively

(1)liveadj.

①活的；活生生的；(只修飾生物；只作前置定語)Thelaboratoryisdoingexperimentswithseverallivemonkeys.

②實(shí)況直播的(不是錄音)Itwasn"tarecordedshow.Itwaslive.③帶電的；燃著的；可爆炸的Thisisalivewire.

(2)livingadj.活著的，有生命的(作表語或定語)Shewas,hethought,thebestlivingnovelistinEngland./Theoldmanisstillliving.(或alive)(3)aliveadj.①活著的；②有活力的；有生氣作后置定語：Who"sthegreatestmanalive?

作表語：Wasthesnakealiveordead?/Mygrandmotherismorealivethanalotofyoungpeople.作補(bǔ)語：Let"skeepthefishalive.

(4)livelyadj.活潑的；有生氣的；活躍的(作表語或定語)Themusicisbrightandlively.6.takeoff,takedown,takein,takeon,takeup

(1)takeoff

①(飛機(jī))起飛Ahelicopterisabletotakeoffandlandstraightupordown.

②脫下(衣裳等)；取下Hetookoffhiswetshoes./Whotooktheknoboffthedoor?③休假；請(qǐng)假；歇工Whenhiswifewassickhetookofffromwork.

④(指觀念、產(chǎn)品)大受歡迎；(事業(yè))突然發(fā)達(dá)，成功Thenewtypeofcellphoneshasreallytakenoff./Hisbusinessbegantotakeoffwhenhewasinhisforties.

(2)takedown

①拿下來；取下來Hereacheduptothethirdshelfofthebookcaseandtookdownadictionary.②記下來Hereadoutthenamesandhissecretarytookthemdown.(3)takein

①接受(房客，客人等)；收留Thefarmerstookinthelosttravelersforthenight.②理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)；明白Theboyscouldnottakeinhismeaning.

③包括；涉及Thestudyofphysicstakesinmanydifferentsubjects.④使上當(dāng)；欺騙Wewerecompletelytakeninbyherstory.(4)takeon

①接受；從事(某工作)Afterhisfatherdied,Billtookonthemanagementofthefactory.②雇用Isthesupermarkettakingonanymoreassis-tant?③具有(新面貌、意思等)Thecityhastakenonanewlook.

(5)takeup

①從事某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)；發(fā)展某種愛好Somanyyoungmenwanttotakeupwriting.

②開始做(某項(xiàng)工作)；開始學(xué)習(xí)(某個(gè)課程)Thenshetookupthetaskofgettingthebreakfast./Hedroppedmedicineandtookupphysics.

③占去(時(shí)間或空間)Themeetingtookupthewholemorning./Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.

④接受I"dliketotakeupyourofferofarideintotown.7.callfor,callon,callup

(1)callfor

①來找(某人)；來取(某物)I"llcallforyouatyourhouse.②要求；需要Successinschoolcallsformuchhardwork.

(2)callon

①callon/uponsb.拜訪；去會(huì)(某人)Ihopetocallonyouatyourofficeat3o’clocktoday.②callon/uponsb.todosth.請(qǐng)／叫某人做某事Hecalleduponmetospeakimmediately.③號(hào)召；呼吁；要求ThePresidentcalledonhispeopletoservethecountry.

(3)callup

①給打電話(英ringup)Itriedtocallyouuplastnight,butnooneansweredthephone.②征召入役；調(diào)用(后備部隊(duì))Threeboysinourstreetwerecalleduplastweek.

8.toomuch,muchtoo

(1)toomuch“太多”之意，可以作形容詞，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可作副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞。Thereistoomuchrainhereinspring./Shetalkedtoomuchatthemeeting.(2)muchtoo“簡直太，過于”，只能作副詞，用來修飾形容詞或別的副詞，不能修飾動(dòng)詞。Thisbookismuchtoodifficultforme./Theoldmanwalksmuchtooslowly.9.custom,habit

(1)custom指傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接不定式。Theybrokesomeoftheoldcustoms./ItisthecustominChinatoeatdumplingsduringthespringFestival.

(2)habit指個(gè)人生活習(xí)慣。“(有)養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣”常

用bein/fallinto/getinto/form/havethehabitofdoingsth.句型；“戒掉習(xí)慣”常用giveup/kick/breakawayfrom/getoutofthehabitofdoingsth.句型。It"seasytogetintoabadhabitbutitshardtogiveitup./Thedrugeasilygetoneintothehabitofsmoking.10.arise,rise,raise

raisevt.“使上升；升起；提高”等；

risevi.“上升；升起”；arisevi.“站起來(standup)”，“起床(getup)”，rise和arise用作站起，起床都屬正式用法；arise主要表示“出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生”等意思。Sheraisedhervoiceinanger.(抬高)Thewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.(刮起)Thechildrosefromthegroundandrantohismother.(=Thechildraisedhimselffromthegroundandrantohismother.)(爬起)Sherisesbeforeitislight.(起床)Difficultieswillariseaswedothework.(出現(xiàn))☆短語歸納☆

1.can"thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事Shecouldn"thepsmiling.

[比較]

(1)can"thelpbutdo不得不；不能不Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcan"thelpbutgetyourshoeswet.

(2)cannotbut不能不，只能Hecouldnotbutfeeldisappointed.[歸納]

(1)help(sb.)(to)dosth.Helpmegethimbacktobedatonce./Byhelpingthemwearehelpingsaveourselves.

(2)help...withsth.幫助做某事Inthosedaysheusedtohelphermotherwithhergardening.

(3)helponeself/sb.tosth.給自己/別人夾菜/拿煙等；擅自拿用MayIhelpyoutosomemorevegetables?

(4)help...insth.在方面幫助某人SheofferedtohelpRoseinthehousekeepingwhenIamnothere.

(5)helpout幫忙(做事；克服困難等)I"veoftenhelpedBoboutwhenhe"sbeenabitshortofmoney.

2.含go的短語

①goaround到處走／跑．(疾病)流傳，(謠言)傳開；goafter追求；goahead說吧，請(qǐng)吧，做吧；goaway離開，出去

②goback走網(wǎng)頭路，翻悔改變；gobad變壞；goboating去劃船③gofishing去釣魚；goforawalk去散步④gohiking去徒步旅行；gohome回家⑤goinfor喜愛，從事于；gointo進(jìn)入，加入⑥gomad發(fā)瘋

⑦gooff離去，去世；goon繼續(xù)，進(jìn)展，依據(jù)；goondoing繼續(xù)做；goout出去，發(fā)出去，熄滅，不時(shí)興；goover研究，檢查，搜查

⑧goshopping去商店；goskating去滑冰；gostraightalong沿著；goswimming去游泳⑨gothrough通過，經(jīng)受，仔細(xì)檢查；gotobed上床⑩goup上升?gowrong走錯(cuò)路，誤入歧途

[例句]We"llgothroughtheitemsonebyone.我們要逐條研究。Shehasgonebacktoheroldhabits.她又回到了已往的習(xí)慣。ComeonSundaybyyourself-wecangooverthehousetogether.星期天你要過來．我們一起檢查一下房子。Hisspeechwentonforsolongthatpeoplebegantofallasleep.他的演講持續(xù)很長時(shí)間，結(jié)果人們開始想睡。Thatexpressionhasgoneout.NobodyUsesittoday.那個(gè)短語已經(jīng)過時(shí)了，現(xiàn)在沒有人在用它。Theyoungfellowhasn"trealizedthathehasgonewrong.這個(gè)年輕人還沒有意識(shí)到他已經(jīng)誤入歧途。Tiredofgoingshoppingwithhiswife，Mr.Liupretendedtohavesomethingimportanttodo.厭煩與妻子一起去購物，劉先生假裝有重要的事情要做。

【考例2】(201*北京)Idon"t____rock"n"roll.It"smuchtoonoisyformytaste.A.goafterB.goawaywithC.gointoD.goinfor

[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查四個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語的意思。

[答案與解析]Dgoafter追求；goawaywith帶走；gointo進(jìn)入，加入；goinfor喜愛，愛好。根據(jù)句子意思“搖滾音樂太嘈雜。不合乎我的口味．所以我不喜歡”。

【考例】(NMET1998)Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto____.

A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout

[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查四個(gè)短語的意思。[答案與解析]Dputup掛起；givein屈服；turnon打開；goout熄滅。本句話意思是“沒有人注意到賊溜進(jìn)了屋子，因?yàn)闊襞銮上�滅了”�?.gowrong

(1)走錯(cuò)路；弄錯(cuò)方向

(2)失��；不順利Allourplanswentwrong./Everythingwentwronginthosedays.(3)發(fā)生故障Theclockwentwrong.[比較]表示“變?yōu)椤钡南祫?dòng)詞

(1)go表示由積極向消極方面變化Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.又如：gomad/pale/blind/hungry

(2)become/get表示由積極向消極或消極向積極方

面變化Theweatherisgettingquitewarm./Graduallyhebecamesilent.

(3)turn多接表顏色的詞Thisinkturnsblackwhenitdries./Heusedtobeateachertillheturnedwriter.

注意：becomeawriter

(4)grow側(cè)重變化過程Theseaisgrowingcalm.(5)fall進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)Allthreechildrenfellasleep.4.owe...to...受到恩惠；歸功于(1)欠(錢)owesb.money=owemoneytosb.Iowe￡50tomytailor.=Iowemytailor￡50.(2)得過(某人的)好處；欠(某人的)人情債

Weoweagreatdealtoourparentsandteachers.(3)應(yīng)當(dāng)給予Youowemeanapology.(4)應(yīng)歸功于；都虧得

WeowethegeneraltheoryofrelativitytoEinstein.[拓展]表示“由于”的詞組：owingto/becauseof/thanksto/dueto/asaresultof

5.takeone"splace

(1)入座，站好位置，取得地位Takeyourplaces,please.Weareabouttostart.

(2)takeone"splace=taketheplaceofsb.代替(職務(wù)或工作等)；接替ElectrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinEngland.

[比較]

(1)inplace(of)代替；而不用Thegrown-upshadcoffeebutthechildrenwantedmilkinplaceofcoffee.

(2)takeone"sseat在自己座位上坐下；有時(shí)等于takeone"splace：Moremenenteredandtooktheirseats.

6.thinkhighlyof贊揚(yáng)表贊賞的詞有：

(1)think/speakhighly/well/much...of:Thepeoplethinkveryhighlyofhim.表認(rèn)為不好的詞有：

(2)thinklittle/badly/poorly/nothing...of:Joanthoughtlittleofwalkingtwomilestoschool.7.含“動(dòng)詞+away”的短語①doawaywith去掉

②getaway逃脫，(使)離開③goaway離去，出去

④putaway放好，把收拾起來，存(錢)以備它日之用⑤runaway逃走，離開

⑥smoothaway去除，克服

⑦stayaway(from)不在家，外出

⑧takeaway拿走，帶走，奪去，使離去⑨t(yī)hrowaway扔掉．浪費(fèi)．坐失(良機(jī))

[例句]Don"tthrowawaysuchagoodchance.Oryou"llregret.不要放棄這么好的機(jī)會(huì)，不然的話，你會(huì)后悔

的。Putawaythetoolsbeforeyouleave.離開前把工具收拾好。Whydidyoustayawayfromschool?你為什么不去上學(xué)?IhadhopedtotakeagoodholidaythisyearbutIwasn"tabletogetaway.我本打算今年好好去度假，但是我離不開�！究祭�】(201*重慶)Beforethewarbrokeout,manypeople____insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem．

A.threwawayB.putaway

C.gaveawayD.carriedaway

[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查“動(dòng)詞+away”四個(gè)短語的意思。[答案與解析]Bthrowaway扔掉；putway放好，把收拾起來；giveaway分發(fā)．泄露；carryaway沖走。本句話意思是“在戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)以前，許多人把他們不能帶走的財(cái)產(chǎn)藏在了安全的地方”。8.含“動(dòng)詞+off”的短語

①dropoff放下，下車②falloff(從)掉下來

③getoff(從)下來，動(dòng)身，起飛，脫下來④giveoff發(fā)出，放出

⑤jumpoff跳離

⑥putoff推遲，延期

⑦setoff出發(fā)，引起，啟程

⑧seesboff為某人送行，為送行⑨switchoff關(guān)掉

⑩takeoff脫，去掉，起飛，匆匆離開，成名?throwoff匆忙脫掉

?turnoff關(guān)掉，避開，拐彎

[例句]Theelectricitysupplymustbeturnedoffatthemainsbeforeyouchangethelightingcircuit.在改變火線前，主干線的電力供應(yīng)必須切斷。MrsGareyasusualwenttothedoortoseehimoff.Garey夫人像通常一樣把他送到門口。Hehadtoputoffanappointmentwithmeonaccountofillness.因?yàn)榧膊〉木壒�，他不得不推遲了與我的約會(huì)。Beforethebodyofthecarcanbeproperlyrepaired,alltheexternalfittingsmustbetakenoff.車身適當(dāng)修理前，所有外部的配件必須拿下來。Thefiredoesn"tseemtobegivingoffmuchheat.這爐火好像不大熱�！究祭�】(201*廣東)JohnisleavingforLondontomorrowandIwill____him____attheairport.A.send...awayB.leave...offC.see...offD.show...around

[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語seeoff的用法。

[答案與解析]Cseeoff意為“給某人送行”；sendaway意為“派遣”；leaveoff意為“停止，不再穿”；showaround意為“帶領(lǐng)某人參觀”。[牛刀小試2]

在下列句子的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞。

1.Mygrandmotherhadput____over$50,000whenshewassixtyfiveyearsold.

2.Hismotherhadthoughtitwouldbegoodforhischarac-tertoget____homeandearnsomemoneyonhisown.

3.Themarketwasfilled____saltedfish,givingtheworstsmellthatyoucanimagine.

4.--Whatdoyouthinkthecontest?--IwastoldthattheEnglishSpeechContestwent____successfullylastnight.

5.Ifyouhadgone____yourtestpapercarefullybeforehandingitinyouwouldhavemadefewermistakes.

☆句型詮釋☆

1.Thereasonwhyhecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradesweretoolow.他沒能上電影學(xué)院是因?yàn)樗�的分�(jǐn)?shù)太低了。

該句巾的why引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，而that引導(dǎo)表語從句。

1.句中that引導(dǎo)的表語從句說明主語reason的具體內(nèi)容，往往被看作是固定句型：Thereasonis/wasthatclause.當(dāng)主語是reason/cause時(shí)，一般不能用because或why引導(dǎo)表語從句，以免造成語意重復(fù)。當(dāng)主語是This/That時(shí)，可以由because/why引導(dǎo)表語從句。例如：OnereasonisthatpeopletraveledtoAmericafromallEuropeancountries.【考例】(NMET1999)

--IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?

A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where[考查目標(biāo)]表語從句。[答案與解析]A句子的意思是“那就是你請(qǐng)了幾天假的原因嗎?”因此可知答案為why。2.why在句中是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞reason，同時(shí)它在定語從句中作狀語，此時(shí)why=forwhich，但要注意：關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，要用關(guān)系代詞that或which。

【考例】(201*上海春招)Isthisthereason____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained

[考查目標(biāo)]定語從句。

[答案與解析]Awhat，how不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；thereason在定語從句中作explained的賓語，可填that/which，或者也可以省略。

2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.好多看過這個(gè)片子的人一想起片中鯊魚食人的場面．就不敢下海游泳了。

該句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜長句，從when到句子末尾是狀語從句，在從句中包含一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞scenes;在前面的主句里面。包含一個(gè)由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞people。例如：ThosewhowanttogocampingnextSundaysignyournameherebeforeclassisover.

定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇，要遵循“瞻前顧后”的原則，所謂“瞻前”即看前面的先行詞指人還是指物；“顧后”即后面的定語從句，看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作什么成分。例如：Thisisthefactorywhereheworks.(狀語)/Thisisthefactory(that/which)hevisited.(賓語)

【考例】(NMET1992)Inthedarkstreet，therewasn"tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.

A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom[考查目標(biāo)]定語從句。

[答案與解析]D“turntosbforhelp”為固定短語，意思是“向某人求助”，所以選towhom。3.Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaidthatheowesmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohiswifeandchildren.當(dāng)有人問起他成功的秘訣時(shí)。史蒂文?斯皮爾伯格說起他的成功和幸福主要來自于妻子和孩子。

該句中的"when"是時(shí)間狀語從句的省略形式。在狀語從句中，如果從句主語與主句主語一致或從句主語是it，而且從句謂語動(dòng)詞是be或包含be時(shí)，常常將從句主語與be省略。例如：AlthoughborninChicago,theauthorisfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork.

【考例】(201*上海春招)Unless___tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.inviting

C.beinginvitedD.havinginvited

[考查目標(biāo)]狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象。

[答案與解析]Aunless為連詞，后面省略了youare，所以選invited。

4.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing,forexample,howtouseknivesandforks,whentodrinkatoastandhowtobehaveatthetable.在餐桌上，懂禮節(jié)意味著你知道如何使用刀叉，何時(shí)祝酒以及如何在用餐時(shí)舉止得體。

該句中havinggoodmanners為v-ing形式作主語。例如：Collectingstampsisoneofhishobbies.▲友情提示：在v-ing形式前加形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格，構(gòu)成v-ing復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作主語、賓語。

【考例5】(201*上海)Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and____.A.he"dliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,too

C.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobby

D.collectingcoinsgiveshimgreatpleasure[考查目標(biāo)]v-ing作主語。

[答案與解析]DA、B、C三項(xiàng)句法都無錯(cuò)誤，但在and連接的并列句中，兩個(gè)簡單句的主語要保持一致的形式fishingandcollectingcoins分別做兩個(gè)簡單句的主語。

5.It"spolitetofinisheatingeverythingonyourplate,sodon"ttakemorefoodthanyouneed.餐盤里的東西要吃光才禮貌，所以不要多拿。

該句中的it為形式主語，真正的主語為tofinisheating例如：It"snotrighttotelllies.撒謊是不對(duì)的。

it作為形式主語，真正的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式短語。常見的句型有：1.It+be+adj.+todosth2.It+be+n.+todosth

3.It+be+PP.todosth

【考例】(201*上海)Infact____isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.

A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it[考查目標(biāo)]形式主語。

[答案與解析]D只有it才可以作形式主語�！揪湫蜌w納】

1.When/While/Though/Unless/If+n./adj./現(xiàn)在分詞／過去分詞狀語從句有些成分有時(shí)可省略，一般是主語和be省略；有時(shí)it和be可以省略：Hemadenoanswerwhen(heis)spokento./Though(hewas)borninChicago,theauthorismostfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork./Comebackearlyif(itis)possible.[注意]用法詳見Chapter10語法活用“省略和插入語”。2.Notonly/justbut(also)連接相同的句子成分

NotonlytheteacherbutallthestudentsaregoingtovisittheScienceMuseum.(連接主語時(shí)根據(jù)就近原則)/Theynotonlysangbut(also)dancedforawholenight./Manypeoplegotoseethisfilmnotjustbecausethefilmisinteresting,butalsotheleadingactorsandactressesareallworldfamous./Notonlydowelearnforourcountry,butwe"llworkforherinthefuture.(連接句子時(shí)，notonly后的句子要部分倒裝)

[牛刀小試3]

1.Thereason____youfailed,Ithink,was____youhadturnedadeafeartoyourmother"sadvice.

A.that;becauseB.why;because

C.why;thatD.forthat;that

2.TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear"spartywasagreatsuccess.(201*全國卷I)

A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

3.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(201*上海春招)A.completedB.completing

C.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted

4.____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.(201*上海)A.Thepresidentwillattend

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