英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)表格
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)
英語(yǔ)共有十六個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)、四個(gè)體。(注:四個(gè)體為一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行。)英語(yǔ)中的四個(gè)體相當(dāng)于法語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)以及所有印歐語(yǔ)系羅曼語(yǔ)族中的式,如:直陳式,命令式等。
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
基本形式(以do為例):主動(dòng)態(tài):do;
被動(dòng)態(tài):doing、bedone;過(guò)去時(shí):did;
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):does(主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù));肯定句:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他;
否定句:主語(yǔ)+dont+動(dòng)詞原形+其他;一般疑問(wèn)句:Do+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。肯定回答:Yes,+主語(yǔ)+do.否定回答:No,+主語(yǔ)+don"t.
特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序
(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)
be動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞
was或were放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did提問(wèn),同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞
(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)
am/are/is+goingto+dowill/shall+do
am/is/are/aboutto+doam/is/areto+do
一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)方法begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形
be+不定式,beto+動(dòng)詞原形,beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形beableto+不定式beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形
(4)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
be(was,were)goingto+動(dòng)詞原形be(was,were)aboutto+動(dòng)詞原形be(was,were)to+動(dòng)詞原形
肯定句:主語(yǔ)+be(was,were)goingto+動(dòng)詞原形~.否定句:主語(yǔ)+be(was,were)notgoingto+動(dòng)詞原形~.疑問(wèn)句:Be(Was,Were)+主語(yǔ)+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形~?肯定句:主語(yǔ)+would(should)+動(dòng)詞原形~.否定句:主語(yǔ)+would(should)not+動(dòng)詞原形~.疑問(wèn)句:Would(Should)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形~?(5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
主語(yǔ)+be+動(dòng)詞ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式第一人稱(chēng)+am+doing+sth第二人稱(chēng)+are+doing+sth第三人稱(chēng)+is+doing+sth
(6)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
肯定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+doing+其它否定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑問(wèn)句及答語(yǔ):Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+doing+其它答語(yǔ):Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn"t.特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+doing+其它
(7)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)
動(dòng)詞be的將來(lái)時(shí)+現(xiàn)在分詞
(8)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done)①肯定句:主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他②否定句:主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他③一般疑問(wèn)句:Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他
④特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句(have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他
(9)過(guò)去完成時(shí)
基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞(done)①肯定句:主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞+其他②否定句:主語(yǔ)+had+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他③一般疑問(wèn)句:Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他肯定回答:Yes,主語(yǔ)+had否定回答:No,主語(yǔ)+hadn"t
④特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句(had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他)語(yǔ)法判定:
(1)by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:
Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo"clocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:
WehadlearntovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:
TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.
(10)將來(lái)完成時(shí)
(shall)will+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞before+將來(lái)時(shí)間或by+將來(lái)時(shí)間
before或bythetime引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句
(11)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeen+-ing分詞
(12)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)hadbeen+-ing分詞
(13)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
主語(yǔ)+shall/willhavebeendoing
(14)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)
should(would)+be+現(xiàn)在分詞
(15)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)
should/wouldhavedonesth.
(16)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
should+havebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞用于第一人稱(chēng)wouldhavebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞用于其他人稱(chēng)
舉例:
英語(yǔ)中有12個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài),都來(lái)自于三時(shí)(過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái))現(xiàn)在以Ilisten為例,舉例英語(yǔ)中有12個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)如下所示:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):Ilisten
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):Iamlistening過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):Iwaslistening現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):Ihavelistened
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):Ihavebeenlistening一般將來(lái)時(shí):Ishalllisten”或“Iwilllisten.”將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):Ishallbelistening一般過(guò)去時(shí):Ilistened過(guò)去完成時(shí):Ihadlistened
過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):Ihadbeenlistening將來(lái)完成時(shí):Ishallhavelistened
將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí):Ishallhavebeenlistening(四個(gè)大體分為一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行)
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)定義經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday(week,month),onceaweek,onMondays,etc.結(jié)構(gòu)1.be動(dòng)詞2.行為動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)+be+其他一般疑問(wèn)句1.把動(dòng)詞be放于句首。2.用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn),如主語(yǔ)為則用does,同時(shí)還原為動(dòng)詞原形。否定句形式例句1.am/is/are+not2.此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加dont;若主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),則用does第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),nt,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)3、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.ago,yesterday,lastweek(month,year…),in201*,justnow,oneday,longlongago,etc.主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+doing1.was/were2.行為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式把be動(dòng)詞放在句首。主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+not+doing1.把was或were放于句首。2.用助動(dòng)詞did提問(wèn),同時(shí)還原為動(dòng)詞原形。1.主語(yǔ)+was/were+not2.在行為動(dòng)詞前加do在其前加didnt,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。4、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或行為。atthistimeyesterday或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。主語(yǔ)+was/were+doing把was或were放在句首。主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+doing5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的一向或結(jié)果,或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。already,yet,just,ever,never,before,recently,inthepastfewyears,等,及由for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。have/has+done把have或has放在句首。have/has+not+done6、一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。tomorrow,tomorrowmorning/afternoon,thedayaftertomorrow,nextSunday/week/year/month,soon,inafewdaysminutes,etcby,before等構(gòu)成的過(guò)去時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用或用于when,before,until等引導(dǎo)的從句中。由said,asked,told,thought等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,1.begoingto+do2.will/shall+do1.be放在句首。1.begoingto+not+do2.will/shall提到句首。2.will/shall+not+do7、過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或情況。表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”had+donehad放于句首。had+not+done8、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。Thenextday(morning,year),thefollowingmonth(week),etc.1.would+do2.was/weregoingto+do1.would提到句首。2.was或were放于句首。1.would+not+do2.was/were+not+goingto+do1,Was/were+not+goingto+do2,would/should+not+do9、一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)10、過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,從過(guò)去看將來(lái),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中就過(guò)去某一時(shí)間而言,將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中,多用于間接引語(yǔ)Thenextday(morning,Year)Thefollowingmonth(week)etc1,Was/were+goingto+do2,would/should+do+其他Shoud/would+be+現(xiàn)在分詞Was/were放于句首,would/should提到句首TheysaidtheywouldbecomingouldbehavingameetingHesaidhecouldnotcomebecausehew11、將來(lái)完成時(shí)在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Bythetimeof,bytheendof+時(shí)間短語(yǔ)(將來(lái))bythetime+從句(將來(lái))主語(yǔ)+begoingto/will/shall+shall+have+p,p(過(guò)去分詞)+其他Should/wouldhavedonesthBythetimeyougetback,greatchangeswillhavetakenplaceinthisarea12、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間對(duì)將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻以前所會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反Ithoughtyou"dhaveleftbythistimeby8o"clockHetoldthemhewouldhavefinishedit13、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開(kāi)始,也可能仍然在繼續(xù),并可能延續(xù)到將來(lái)Since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段Hanv/has+been+doing+其他Ihavebeensittinghereforanhouresixo"clock.ThechildrenhavebeenwatchingTVsin14、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)某正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻,還未完成,一直持續(xù)到之后的當(dāng)前才結(jié)束特殊含義:1,尚未完成:Hehadbeenwritingthenovel他已經(jīng)在寫(xiě)小說(shuō)了(他沒(méi)寫(xiě)完)2,企圖:Hehadbeenstudyingthemeaningofthisproverb他曾今學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)這個(gè)諺語(yǔ)(他曾經(jīng)努力學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)他)3,未得結(jié)果:Wehadbeenstudyingwhatourenemyhadsaid我們一直致力于敵人所說(shuō)的(但是我們沒(méi)有理解)had+been+doing+其他4,最近情況:Hehadbeenquarrellingwithhiswife.他和他的妻子吵了一場(chǎng)架。(最近)5,反復(fù)動(dòng)作:Hehadbeenaskingmethesamequestion(屢次)Shehadbeensufferingfromabadcoldwhenshetooktheexammetime?HadtheybeenexpectingthenewsforsoWhathadhebeendoing?他做了什么(不耐煩)15、將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間。是否繼續(xù)下去要視上下文而定。Shall/willhavebeendoingIshallhavebeenworkinghereinthisfyearctoryfortwentyyearsbytheendofthe16、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看至未來(lái)某時(shí)以前會(huì)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)
Should/would+have+been+現(xiàn)在分詞Hetoldmethatbytheendoftheyearyyears.hewouldhavebeenlivingthereforthir1.-WhereisFranknow?-He_______hisbikeintheyard.(北京海淀區(qū))A.fixesupB.fixingupC.isfixingupD.fixed
2.-Youveleftthelighton,Tracy.-Oh,yes._________toturnitoffrightnow.(宜昌市)A.IdgoB.Ivegone
C.IllgoD.Igo
3.“TheWorldWithoutThieves”isaverymovingfilm.I____ittwicealready.(陜西省)A.willseeB.seeC.sawD.haveseen
4.TheOrientalPearlTVTower________tensofthousandsofvisitorssincel995.(上海市)A)attracted
B)attractsC)hasattractedD)willattract
5.-Didyouseethetrafficaccidentyesterday?-Yes.IthappenedwhenIpastthemuseum.(蘇州市)A.walkB.amwalkingC.willWalkD.waswalking
6.-Haveyoureadthisbook?-Yes.I____ittwoweeksago.(隨州市)A.isreadingB.havereadC.willreadD.read
7.-Whatareyoudoing,Jim?-I_________abeautifulhorse.(北京豐臺(tái)區(qū))A.drawB.drewC.amdrawingD.wasdrawing
8.They______alltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhomenow.(北京豐臺(tái)區(qū))A.havespentB.spendC.spentD.arespending9.JimisastudentandinTownHighSchool.(武漢市)A.studiesB.studiedC.hadstudied
10.SandyhisoldfriendTomwhenhewascrossingthestreet.(武漢市)A.hadmetB.hasmetC.met
Keys:1.C2.C3.D4.C5.D6.D7.C8.A9.A10.C
擴(kuò)展閱讀:初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)一覽表
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)一覽表
語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法標(biāo)志詞例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作Every…,onSundaysHegoestoschooleveryday.較長(zhǎng)期存在的狀態(tài)Always,usually,oftensometimesIoftenhavelunchathome.科學(xué)事實(shí),客觀真理表過(guò)去某個(gè)點(diǎn)、段時(shí)間…ago/justnow/in1998/Hewrotealetteryesterday.內(nèi)動(dòng)作及狀態(tài)last…/yesterday等Iwasbornin1979.在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)要做的事tomorrow/after…Next…/tonight/in201*Areyougoingtoread?Hewillcometomorrow.Tomiswritingnow.Theyarelyingonthebed./Hehassleptfortwodays.Ihavebeenteachingfor8years.一般過(guò)去時(shí)did/bewas,werebegoingto+do一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall+doListen!/Look!/now表此時(shí)此刻正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be(am/is/are)+doingAtthemoment作或狀態(tài)Already/just/never/ever主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)發(fā)生在過(guò)去影響在現(xiàn)在yet(句末,否定和疑問(wèn)句式)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)詞過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等Before/twice…Since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)for+時(shí)間段.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doingatthistime/6o’clockyesterday表在過(guò)去某時(shí)間正在進(jìn)HewasreadingatthattimeWhen+一般過(guò)去式行的動(dòng)作lastFriday該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)bythetime+過(guò)去時(shí)去Wehadlearnt201*wordsbytheendoflastyear.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would+do
過(guò)去看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)HesaidthathewouldcomeHesaidthathe…thenextday.作或狀態(tài)herethenextday.
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