大學(xué)英語四級語法匯總解析練習(xí)3

語法講座與練習(xí)（三）

動名詞

動名詞是非限定動詞的一種形式，由動詞原形+ing構(gòu)成。它既有動詞的特征，又有名詞的特征，故稱。動名詞也有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，如表所示（以及物動詞write為例），不及物動詞沒有語態(tài)的變化。時(shí)態(tài)/語態(tài)主動被動一般式完成式writinghavingwrittenbeingwrittenhavingbeenwritten1動名詞作主語、賓語和表語

1）作主語。例如：

FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.南方與北方開戰(zhàn)了。2）作賓語

a.有些動詞可以用動名詞作賓語。例如：

admit承認(rèn)deny否認(rèn)finish完成recall回憶face面對

appreciate感激

detest討厭imagine想象resent討厭include包括

endure忍受mind介意resume繼續(xù)stand忍受

enjoy喜歡miss想念resist抵抗understand理解

escape逃脫

fancy想象練

risk冒險(xiǎn)

suggest建議

forgive寬恕keep繼續(xù)postpone推遲practice訓(xùn)

avoid避免

complete完成

consider認(rèn)為delay耽誤

例如：Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?你把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)小一點(diǎn)，好嗎

Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.這松鼠幸運(yùn)得很，剛逃避了被逮住的厄運(yùn)。

b.有些結(jié)構(gòu)后面可以用動名詞作賓語或其他成分。例如：admittoprefer…tobeusedtoleadtodevoteobjectto

oneselfto

sticktonogoodnousebefondoflookforwardbeproudof

to

bebusycan"thelpbetiredofbecapablebeafraidofthinkof

of

burstoutkeeponinsistoncountonsetabout

putoffbegoodattakeupgiveupbesuccessful

in

3）作表語，對主語說明、解釋。例如：

Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是洗刷、清掃和照顧孩子。

比較：Sheiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.4）作定語，一般表示所修飾名詞事物的用途。例如：

awritingdesk=adeskforwriting寫字臺aswimmingpool=apoolswimming游泳池

有些動名詞作定語，與所修飾的名詞關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜。例如：

boilingpoint=atemperaturepointatwhichsomethingbeginstoboil沸點(diǎn)

awalkingtractor=atractorwhichadrivercanoperatewhileheorsheiswalkingbehindit手扶拖拉機(jī)

2.動名詞的邏輯主語

如果動名詞的主語不是句子的主語是,用“物主代詞或名詞所有格作動名詞的邏輯主語。

1).Idon’tmind__thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.A)youtodelaymakingB)yourdelayingmakingC)yourdelayingtomakeD)youdelaytomake

2).___inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.A)thegirlwaseducatedB)thegirleducated

C)thegirl’sbeingeducatedD)thegirltobeeducated

3動名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

動名詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生，用一般式。若動名詞所表示的動作先于謂語動詞的動作，需用它的完成式。動名詞的被動語態(tài)表示它的邏輯主語是其所表示的動作的承受者。

名詞也有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，如表所示（以及物動詞write為例），不及物動詞沒有語態(tài)的變化。時(shí)態(tài)/語態(tài)主動被動一般式writingbeingwritten完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten例如:Hewaspraisedforhavingmadeagreatcontributiontohiscountry.Hishavingbeenelectedaschairmanoftheclubsurprisedusgreatly.

補(bǔ)充：動名詞在deserve,need,require,want,worth等詞后，常以主動形式表示被動意義。

Yourhairwants__.You’dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.A)cutB)tocutC)cuttingD)beingcut

4動名詞與不定式

1）動名詞與不定式的區(qū)別：

動名詞表達(dá)的是：狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的不定式表達(dá)的是：目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的2）有些動詞如continue接不定式或動名詞作賓語，意義基本相同。

3）有些動詞如continue接不定式或動名詞作賓語，意義大相徑庭。常見的，下一節(jié)有專門討論。特殊詞精講1stopdoing/todo

stoptodo停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事，stopdoing停止做某事。例如：Theystoptosmokeacigarette.他們停下來，抽了根煙。

Imuststopsmoking.我必須戒煙了。

典型例題

Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped___onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest答案：C。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來在一個(gè)路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇"stoptodosth.停下來去做另一件事"。而不僅僅是爬山動作的終止，所以stopdoingsth.不正確。

2forgetdoing/todo

forgettodo忘記要去做某事，forgetdoing忘記做過某事。例如：

Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。（沒有做關(guān)燈的動作）

Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過關(guān)燈的動作）

典型例題

----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh，Iforgot___.

A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案：C。由thelightisstillon可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動作沒有發(fā)生，因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。3rememberdoing/todo

remembertodo記得去做某事，rememberdoing記得做過某事。例如：

Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Don"tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎?4regretdoing/todo

regrettodo對將要做的事遺憾，regretdoing對做過的事遺憾、后悔。例如：Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒有辦法。

Idon"tregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。典型例題

---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret___that.

A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone

答案：D。regrethavingdonesth.對已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾。regrettodosth.對將要做的事感到遺憾。本題為對已說的話感到后悔，因此選D。5ceasedoing/todo

ceasetodo長時(shí)間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事，ceasedoing短時(shí)停止做某事，以后還會接著做。例如：

Thatdepartmenthasceasedtoexistforever.那個(gè)系已不復(fù)存在。

Thegirlsceasedchattingforamomentwhentheirteacherpassedby.姑娘們在老師走過時(shí)，停了會聊天。6trydoing/todo

trytodo努力，企圖做某事，trydoing試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。例如：

Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。

Itriedgardeningbutdidn"tsucceed.我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。7goondoing/todo

goontodo做了一件事后，接著做另一件事，goondoing繼續(xù)做原來做的事。例

如：

Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。

Goondoingtheotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.作完這個(gè)練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí)8beafraiddoing/todo

beafraidtodo不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為"怕"，beafraidofdoing擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。doing是客觀上造成的，意為"生怕，恐怕"。例如：

Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.

她生怕被蛇咬著，不敢在草叢中再走一步。

Shewasafraidtowakeherhusband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。9beinteresteddoing/todo

interestedtodo對做某事感興趣，想了解某事，interestedindoing對某種想法感興趣，doing通常為想法。例如：

Ishallbeinterestedtoknowwhathappens.我很想知道發(fā)生了什么事。（想了解）I"minterestedinworkinginSwitzerland.Doyouhaveanyideaaboutthat?我對在瑞士工作感興趣。你想過這事嗎?（一種想法）10meantodoing/todo

meantodo打算、想，meandoing意味著。例如：

Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去，但是我父親不肯讓我去。Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.增加工資意味著增加購買力。11begin（start）doing/todo

begin/starttodosth/begin/startdoingsth.

1）談及一項(xiàng)長期活動或開始一種習(xí)慣時(shí)，使用doing。例如：

Howoldwereyouwhenyoufirststartedplayingthepiano?2）begin,start用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，后面動詞用不定式todo。例如：Iwasbeginningtogetangry。我開始生起氣來。

3）在attempt,intend,begin,start后接know,understand,realize這類動詞時(shí)，常用不定式todo。例如：

Ibegintounderstandthetruth。我開始明白真相。4）事物作主語時(shí)。例如：

Thesnowbegantomelt.雪開始融化了12感官動詞+doing/todo

感官動詞see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示動作的完整性，+doing表示動作的進(jìn)行性。例如：

Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見了"這個(gè)事實(shí)）

Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個(gè)動作）昨天我見他正在花園里干活。典型例題

1）Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow答案：A。因題意為，他們看著她長大，因此強(qiáng)調(diào)的是成長的過程，而非正在長的動作，因此用seesbdosth的句型。

2）Themissingboywaslastseen___neartheriver.

A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay

答案A.本題強(qiáng)調(diào)其動作，正在河邊玩，應(yīng)此用seesb.doingsth句型。13.worth的用法

worth,worthy,worthwhile都是形容詞，意為"值得"。

1.worth：beworth+n.當(dāng)名詞為金錢時(shí)，表示"……值得……"

常見的有It’sworthwhiletodo./It’sworth（someone’s）whiledoing

beworthdoingsth."……某事值得被做"

Thequestionisnotworthdiscussingagainandagain.這問題不值得反復(fù)討論。2.worthy：beworthyof+n.當(dāng)名詞為抽象名詞時(shí)表示"……值得……"beworthytobedone"某事值得被做"

Thequestionisnotworthytobediscussedagainandagain.3.worthwhile：beworthwhiletodosth"值得做某事"

Itisworthwhiletoaskhimtojointheclub.值得邀請他加入俱樂部。典型例題

Itisnot____todiscussthequestionagainandagain.A.worthB.worthyC.worthwhileD.worthwhile

答案C.由worth的用法可知，此句只適合詞組beworthwhiletodosth.。選C。

擴(kuò)展閱讀：大學(xué)英語四級語法匯總解析練習(xí)

語法講座與練習(xí)（一）

非謂語動詞

在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式:不定式，動名詞，和分詞（分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）。擔(dān)任成分主語表語賓語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語謂語的一插入語種類部分√√√√√√√不定式√√√√√√√分詞√√√動名詞√動詞不定式（theInfinitive）

動詞不定式由to+動詞原形構(gòu)成。這里的to是不定式標(biāo)志，沒有詞義。不定式具

有名詞、形容詞或副詞的某些語法功能，又有動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的特點(diǎn)及作用。常見的形式如表所示（以及物動詞do為例），不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)\\語態(tài)主動被動一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing/1．不定式作主語

Tosaysomethingisonething,buttodoitisanother.

[注]不定式作主語，尤其是當(dāng)主語較長而謂語較短時(shí)，往往用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式放至句子的后面。

例如：It"ssonicetohearyourvoice.

It"snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.

Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.典型例題

Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto___.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton

答案：B.如果不定式為不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。2.不定式作賓語，大致上有三種情況。

1）有些及物動詞用不定式作賓語，結(jié)構(gòu)為動詞+不定式。例如：affordaimagreearrangeaskattemptbothercarechooseclaimconsentdeterminedecidedeclinedemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavorhopefailhelplearnlong渴望meanmanageofferplanpretendrefusetendundertakevolunteerseekintendpromisethreatenprepare

例如：

Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.Heofferedtohelpme.

2）有些動詞或動詞詞組可以用動詞+疑問詞+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。例如：decideknowconsiderforgetlearnremembershowwonderfindouttellinquireexplain例如：

Pleaseshowushowtodothat.

Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan"tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.

疑問詞+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)也可做主語和賓補(bǔ).

3)有些動詞可以跟there+tobe的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：believeexpectintendlikelovemeanpreferwantwishunderstand例如：

Wedidn"texpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.

Youwouldn’twanttheretobeanotherwar.3.不定式作補(bǔ)語

1）有些有動詞+賓語+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：adviseallowcausechallengecommandcompeldrive驅(qū)使enableencourageforbidforceimpelinduceinstructinvitelike/loveorderpermitmakeletpermitwantgetwarnpersuaderequestsendtelltrainurgeinspirewarnteachwantaskexpect例如；

Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Theofficerorderedhismentofire.

注意：感官動詞see，hear，observe，watch，notice，feel等和使意動詞如make，have，let，用不定式作做賓補(bǔ)要省略to,但作為主補(bǔ)不定式帶to.例如：Theteachermakesuswriteacompositioneveryweek.Wearemadetowriteacompositioneveryweek.

2)有些有動詞+賓語+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式的動詞往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。例如：considerfindbelievethinkdeclare（聲appoint

稱）

guessfancy（設(shè)guessjudgeimagineknow

想）

例如：

Webelievehimtobeguilty.我們相信他是有罪的。Weknowhimtobeafool.我們知道他是個(gè)笨蛋。（tobe不能省去）典型例題

CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered___thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

答案：C.一般沒有consider+賓語+be以外不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)，也沒有consider+賓語

+doing的結(jié)構(gòu)，排除A、B、D。consider用動詞be以外的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故選C。4.不定式作表語

不定式可放在be動詞后面，形成表語。例如：Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Thequestionishowtoorganizethework.Toseeistobelieve.5.不定式作定語

不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后，往往表示未發(fā)生的動作。例如：Ihavealotofworktodo.

Therewasnothingtobringhomethatmorning.

常跟不定式做定語的名詞中，有很多是有常跟不定式的動詞或形容詞派生來的,常見的有ability,agreement,ambition,anxiety,attempt,claim,decision,determination,eagerness,failure,intension,hope,plan,promise,refusal,reluctance,resolution,tendency,threat,wish等.

例如:Hisattempttosoletheproblemfailedagain.

Thefirst,second,last,onlybest等后可跟不定式做定語。

例如:Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.6.不定式作狀語

1）目的狀語

常用結(jié)構(gòu)為todo,onlytodo（僅僅為了）,inordertodo,soastodo,so（such）…asto…（如此…以便…）。例如：Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.

2）作結(jié)果狀語，可以表示沒有預(yù)料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式要放在句子后面。

Iawoketofindmytruckgone.

Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.3）表原因

I"mgladtoseeyou.

Shewepttoseethesight.4）做獨(dú)立成份

Tobefair,hehasworkedhardthesedays.Wedon’tlikeyouridea,totellyouthetruth.7.作謂語結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分

1)besaid/reported/know…+不定式

ShanxiProvinceisknowntohaverichcoalreserves.

2)belikely/certain/sure/wiling/anxious,ready/bound/eager/reluctant…+不定式

Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.

幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)

1.不定式的邏輯主語

不定式作主語和賓語時(shí),當(dāng)邏輯主語不是句子的主語時(shí),要用for或of+名詞/代詞放在不定式前做邏輯主語.即It"sforsb.todo和It"sofsb.todo1）forsb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：例如：

It"sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.

2）ofsb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如absurd,bold,brave,careful,careless,clever,considerate,courageous,cruel,foolish,good,grateful,honest,kind,nice,polite,right,rude,silly,stupid,thoughtful,wicked,wise,wrong。例如：

It"sveryniceofyoutohelpme.

Ithinkofhimnottoacceptourinvitation.2.動詞不定式的否定式

在不定式標(biāo)志to前加上not。例如：Tellhimnottoshutthewindow。

ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.典型例題

1）Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter___afterdrinking.

A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriverC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive答案：A。2）Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet，buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto

答案：A。notto為nottodoit的省略形式�？梢灾挥胻o這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動詞do后應(yīng)有賓語，因此也B，D不對。3.省去to的動詞不定式

1）情態(tài)動詞（除ought外）后。

2）使役動詞let,have,make后，感官動詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel等后。

注意：被動語態(tài)中不能省去to。例如：Isawhimdance.

=Hewasseentodance.

Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3）wouldrather，hadbetter句型后4）Why…/whynot…句型后

5）help后可帶to，也可不帶to,helpsb（to）dosth：

但是can’thelpdoing=can’thelpbutdo不得不,禁不住

6）but和except后。but前是實(shí)義動詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的不定式不帶to。比較：Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.

Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.7）由and,or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to可以省去：

8）通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think等詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，可以省去tobe。例如：

Heissupposed（tobe）nice.他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。典型例題

(1）----Iusuallygotherebytrain.

----Whynot___byboatforachange?

A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing答案：D.whynot后面接不帶to的不定式，因此選D。(2）Pauldoesn"thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning

答案：B.make后接不帶to的動詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動時(shí)，to不可省略。4.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

1）一般式表示的動詞，有時(shí)與謂語動詞表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之后，例如Heseemstoknowthis.

Ihopetoseeyouagain.=IhopethatI"llseeyouagain.

2）完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。例如：I"msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.

3）進(jìn)行式表示動作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：Heseemstobeeatingsomething.

4）完成進(jìn)行式表示動作從過去開始并延續(xù)至說話的時(shí)候。例如：Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.

5)不定式的邏輯主語若是不定式所表示動作的執(zhí)行者，用不定式的主動式;若是承受者,要用被動式.

Thisbookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.但在某些習(xí)慣用法中，常用不定式的主動式代替被動式.Ihaveameetingtoattend.

Thereisalotofworktodotoday.

Thisproblemistoodifficulttoexplaininafewwords.Theyfoundthebookdifficulttoread.Noneofuswastoblameforthat.

5.不定式的特殊句型too…to…

1）too…to太…以至于…。例如：Heistooexcitedtospeak.----CanIhelpyou?

----Well,I"mafraidtheboxistooheavyforyoutocarryit,butthankyouallthesame.

2）如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定，too后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意為"不太"。例如：

It"snevertoolatetomend.改過不嫌晚。（諺語）

3）當(dāng)too前面有only,all,but時(shí)，意思是：非�！�等于very。例如：I"monlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.能幫助你我非常高興。Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.他非常想回家。

6.不定式的特殊句型soasto

1）表示目的；它的否定式是soasnottodo。例如：

Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.2）表示結(jié)果。例如：

Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?7.注意比較作不定式符號的to與用作介詞的to

to可以用作介詞，也可用作不定式的標(biāo)示。下面的to都用作介詞：admittoobjecttobeaccustomedbeusedtosticktoturntoconfesstolookforwardto

bedevotedtotopayattentionto6

contributetoapologizetodevoteoneselfto

Iwas______worklastweek,butIchangedmymind.

a.tostartb.tohavestartedc.tobestartingd.tohavebeenstarting2.Iintended______thematterwithyou,butIhadsomeguestshen.

a.discussb.discussingc.havingdiscussedd.tohavediscussed3.Don’tletmecatchyou______.

a.dothatagainb.todothatagainc.doingthatagaind.donethatagain4.Therearemanykindsofmetals______.

a.eachhasitsspecialpropertiesb.onehasitsspecialpropertiesb.eachhavingitsspecialpropertiesd.havingitsspecialproperties5.It’spay-day,andthey’rewaiting______.

a.forpayingb.tobepaidc.tobepayingd.tohavepaid6._______trouble,I’mgoingtoforgetthewholeaffair.

a.Thenrathercauseb.Rathercausingc.Ratherthancaused.Ratherthancaused

7.Thebrillianceofhissatireswas______makeevenhisvictimslaugh.

a.soastob.suchastoc.sothatd.suchthat

8.Childrenwithparentswhoseguidanceisfirm,consistent,andrationalareinclined______highlevelsofself-confidence.

a.possessb.havepossessedc.topossessd.possessing9.Theworkeris______inrepairingthemachinetonoticemycoming.

a.toobusyb.enoughbusyc.busytood.busyenough10.“Whatdidyoudointhegarden?”

“Iwatchedmyfather______hismotorbike.”

a.torepairb.repairedc.repairingd.repairs

11.Wemusthaveanengineer______theworkersbuildthehouse.

a.toseeb.seec.seeingd.seen

12.Inductionmeans______ageneralconclusionfromspecialfacts.

a.tocometob.tocomingc.comingtod.came

13.I’mnotgoingtoasktheteacherwhyhegavemethatgrade;Iintend_______.

a.toletrestthematterb.themattertobeletrestingc.lettingthemattertorestd.toletthematterrest14.Ihavetried_______worryingaboutit.

a.tostopconsciouslyb.toconsciouslystopc.toconsciousstoppingd.tostoppingconsciously15.“Doyouwanttogiveatalkonthatsubject?”

“Iprefer______.”

a.notwantb.notwantingc.tonotgivingd.notto16.I_______thetruthofyourremarks,althoughtheygoagainstmyinterests.

a.cannotbutadmitb.cannothelpbuttoadmitc.cannotbutadmittingd.cannothelpbutadmitting17.Sincesheisangry,we______.

a.hadbetterleavingheraloneb.shouldleaveheralonec.mightaswellleaveheraloned.hadratherleaveheralone

18.Idon’tallow______inmyofficeandIdon’tallowmyfamily______atall.

a.tosmoke…smokingb.smoking…tosmokec.tosmoke…tosmoked.smoking…smoking

19.Youshouldremember______fromthepointwhenyouarewritingacomposition.

a.don’twanderb.nottowanderc.nowanderingd.notwander20.Graceadvisedustowithdraw______.

a.soastogetnotinvolvedb.soasnottogetinvolvedc.sothattogetnotinvolvedd.asnottogetinvolved

21.Heranallthewayuptothestation______thatthetrainhadleftfifteenminutesbefore.

a.inordertofindb.soastofindc.onlytofindd.suchastofind22.Georgewenthuntingforaweekbutstillhedidn’tfindaroom______.

a.toliveb.toliveinc.forlivingd.tobelivingin23.Youshouldreallyavoid______athomealoneasheisoldandill.

a.yourfatherstayb.yourfathertostayc.yourfather’sstayingd.yourfatherwhostays

24.Johndidn’twanttorisk______wetashehadonlyonesuit.

a.gettingb.togetc.beinggotd.tobegotten

25.I’mdisappointedwiththenewofficerselectedinourclub,butthereisnopoint_______aboutit.

a.toworryb.inworryingc.withusworryingd.ifweworry26.Itwon’tbeanyuse______toborrowanymoremoney.

a.youtotryb.ofyourtryingc.tryingyoud.yourtrying27.Thelawrequiresallcars_______forsafetyandefficiency.

a.beingtestedregularlyb.toberegularlytestedc.beregularlytestedd.regularlytested

28.Iremember______tothezoobymyfatherwhenIwaslittle.

a.beingtakenb.takingc.havebeentakend.tohavetaken

29.Icompletelyforgot______thefrontdoorlastnightandfeelfortunatethatnothingisstolen.

a.lockingb.beinglockedc.tolockd.tohavelocked30.Iregret______youthatyourapplicationhasbeenrefused.

a.informingb.beinginformedc.tobeinformedd.toinform

31.Ididn’tmean______anything,buttheseappleslookedsogoodIcouldn’tresist______one.

a.toeat…tryingb.toeat…otryingc.eating…totryd.eating…totrying32.Iknowitisn’timportantbutIcan’thelp______aboutit.

a.buttothinkb.thinkingc.thinkd.tothink

33.Theship,______toashapelesswreck,washardlyrecognizable.

a.beingreducedb.reducingc.reducedd.havingbeenreducing34.Theyoungdoctorcouldnotsleepatnight,histhoughts______himnopeace.

a.gaveb.givingc.beinggivend.togive35.Afteralongwalkonahotday,onefeels______.

a.exhaustiveb.exhaustingc.exhaustd.exhausted

36.Thoserelativesofhisare______.Idon’twanttohaveanydealingswiththem.

a.boringpeopleb.boredpeople

c.peoplehavingboredd.peoplehavingboring

37.Youmustfollowthedirectionsexactlyandifyoubecome______,youmusttakethetimetogobackagainandrereadthem.

a.toconfuseb.confusingc.confused.confused

38.ThereissomethingwrongwithmyTVset,Imusthaveit______.

a.checkingb.checkc.tocheckd.checked

39.Hewasjustabouttojumpupwhenhefeltsomething______nearhisfeet.

a.tomoveb.movec.movingd.moved

40.______withthecorrespondingperiodoflastyear,theoutputofchemicalfibersinthefirstquarterroseby15%.

a.Comparingb.Tocomparec.Comparedd.Compare41.“Wastherallysuccessful?’

“No,becausethenumberof______wassmallerthanwehadexpected.”a.peoplewhoattendb.attendedpeoplec.peopleattendingd.attendanceofpeople

42.UncleDickhasalreadyarrive.Doyouexpect______toseehim?

a.Goingb.goc.togod.thatyougo

43.FromtheelectricrefrigeratorDicktakesacartonofcream,anotheroffreshmilkandacanof______orangejuice.

a.frozenb.frozec.freezingd.freezed44.Hefeltbadfor______achancetostudyabroad.

a.havingnotgivenb.nothavinggiven

c.havingnotbeengivend.nothavingbeengiven

45.Insomecountriestherearealreadyanumberoffirms______computerprogramming.

a.specializeinb.specializedinc.specializingind.specializesin46.Theyoungmanwhosawthecar______intotherivertelephonedthepolicestation.

a.plungeb.plungedc.wasplungingd.toplunge

47.Whileshewasshopping,shekept______thelisttomakesureshehadn’tforgottenanything.

a.checkedb.checkingc.tocheckd.check48.You’dbetter______.

a.tohaveyourshoesmendedb.tohavemendedyourshoesc.haveyourshoesmendedd.havingyourshoesmended49.Themachinesaremade______atfullspeed.

a.workb.workingc.toworkd.tobeworked

50.Itiscertainthatmenwillneverstop______newenergysourcestopowertheirgrowingindustry.

a.findingb.tofindc.havingfoundd.found

51.Itisreallyquiteextraordinarythatweshouldhavebeenatthesamecollegewithout______before.

a.metb.beingmetc.havingmetd.havingbeenmet

52.ProfessorSmithissaid______anotherimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.

a.havingmadeb.havingbeenmadec.tohavemaded.tomake

53.Withoutthesun’slight______theearth’ssurface,itwouldbesocoldthatlifecouldnotexistontheearth.

a.warmsb.warmedc.warmingd.towarm54.Therocketwillweighabout200tonswhen______.

a.beingcompletedb.completedcompletingd.havebeencompleted55.Thereareplans______anumberofatomicpowerstationinthisregions.

a.tobuildb.tobebuiltc.buildingd.beingbuilt56.Allofusarelookingforwardto______atriptotheMingTombs.

a.makeb.makingc.tomakingd.havemade57.Ican’tunderstand______adecisionuntilitistoolate.

a.himtopostponetomakeb.hispostponingtomakec.himtopostponingmakingd.hispostponingmaking58.Iwouldlike______thatIdon’thaveaveryhighopinionofyou.

a.tohaveyouknowb.haveyouknowc.tohaveyourknownd.havingyouknow

59.Ihadintended______himwhilehewaslivingatAberdeen.

a.visitingb.visitc.tohavevisitedd.havingvisited60.Doyouconsiderbetter_______?

a.notdoingitagainb.notdoitagainc.nothavingdoneitagaind.nottodoitagain61.Thefamousscientistwaseasy_______alongwith.

a.togetb.forgettingc.gettingd.got

62.Thestudentswillhavemorediscussionslikethisintheweeks______.

a.comingb.tocomec.comed.tobecoming

63.Hefeltlonelyatfirst,butafteratimehegot______aloneandevengot______it.

a.usedtoliving…tolikeb.usedtolive…tolike

c.usingtolive…likingd.tobeusedtoliving…liking

64.Ourmasterraisedhisvoicesothatthecouldmakehimself______bythepupilsinthebackofthehall.

a.hearb.heardc.hearingd.tobeheard

65.Whenheawoke,hefoundhimself______inthehospitaland______byanoldwoman.

a.lying…beinglookedafterb.lying…belookingafterc.lie…belookedafterd.lie…beinglookedafter66.______fromthehill-topthelakesceneryisbeyonddescription.

a.Toseeb.Seeingc.Seend.Havingseen67.______inthestrangeforest,thepoorgirlsfellto______.

a.Lost…cryingb.Lost…cryc.Tolost…cryd.Havingbeenlost…crying68.They’llhaveyou______ifyoudon’tpayyourtaxes.

a.tobearrestedb.arrestc.arrestedd.beingarrested

69.Allflights______becauseofthestorm,theydecidedtotakethetrain.

a.havingcancelledb.werecancelledc.havebeencancelledd.havingbeencancelled

70.AlthoughitwasverylatewhenJohnbegandoingthejob,hemanagedwithhisfriend’sassistance,______beforethebuildingwaslocked.

a.tobefinishedb.beingfinishedc.finishingd.tofinish

71.Despitetheearnesteffortsofvariousprivategroupsaswellasgovernmentagencies,manyoftheproblemshavenotyetbeensolved,andmuchremainsto______.

a.havebeendoneb.bedonec.havedoned.do

72.______thatbadweatherwasontheway,theclimbersdecidedtoputofftheirattemptonEigeruntilthefollowingweek.

a.Havingtoldb.Beingtoldc.Tellingd.Havingbeentold

73.MembersoftheGovernmentitselfacknowledgemanyoftheirpredictions_______wildlyover-optimistic.

a.tobeb.beingc.tohavebeend.havingbeen

74.Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers______amatchwithoutastandardcourt.

a.objectedtohavingb.objectedtohave

c.wereobjectedtohaved.wereobjectedtohaving75.Theteacherdoesn’tpermit______inclass.

a.smokeb.smokingc.tosmoked.tohavesmoke76.IlikewatchingTV______tothecinema.

a.morethantogob.morethangoingc.thangoingd.ratherthantogo

77.Themanagerpromisedtokeepme______ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.

a.tobeinformedb.informedc.oninformingd.informing

78.Mrs.Brownissupposed______forItalylastweek.

a.tohaveleftb.toleavec.tobeleavingd.tohavebeenleft79.Dorothywenttoworkquietly,______toworkashardasshecould.

a.hermindbeingmadeupb.withhermindmadeupc.withhermindmakingupd.hemindmakingup

80.Husbandandwifewithacommondutytothecountrywillfindthemselves______closertogether.

a.beendrawnb.drawnc.todrawd.drawing

81.Herewefoundlittlesnow,asmostofitseemed______blownoffthemountain.

a.tohavebeenb.thatitwasc.tobed.thatithadbeen

82.______halfwaythroughtheexercise,theteacherchangedhismindandcollectedallourpapers.

a.Whenonlybeingb.Whenwewereonlyc.Beingonlyd.Havingbeen

83.Somepassengersarereadingthemorningpaper,othersaretalkingwithoneanother,______nervouslyforthetrain.

a.towaitb.arewaitingc.waitingd.beingwaited

84.There’sonethingIdislikeabouthim:hewillneveradmit______amistake.

a.havingmadeb.makingc.beingmaded.havebeenmade85.Stanspenthalfayear______materialforhisnewbook.

a.tocollectb.collectc.collectingd.collected86.It’snouse______menottoworry.

a.youtellb.yourtellingc.foryoutohavetoldd.havingtold

87.Thechairmaninsiststhattherebeameeting_______withintheshortestpossibletime.

a.toholdb.tobeheldc.tohavebeenheldd.tobeholding

88.Whenthefamouspianistwasachild,hewasaccustomed______forseveralhoursaday.

a.topracticingb.topracticec.tobepracticingd.tohavepracticed.

89.InChinahundredsofdifferentdialectsarespoken;peopleofsomevillages______themselvesunderstoodbytheinhabitantsofthenexttown.

a.makingtroublehaveb.havemakingtroublec.havetroublemakingd.troublemakinghave

90.It’sawonderfulplaceforanyone______inarchitecture,asyouare.

a.interestingb.tobeinterestedc.beinginterestedd.interested

91.Anotherfeatureworth______istheroleofinformationthroughoutafeedbackcontrolsystem..

a.noticedb.noticingc.beingnoticedd.notice

92.Ibelieve______verylargelyduetomistakenviewsoftheworld.

a.thisunhappinessareb.tobethisunhappinessc.thisbeunhappinessd.thisunhappinesstobe

93.Whentheymet,Leonardsandhisenemywerefighting______.

a.killedeachotherb.tokilleachotherc.killingeachotherd.tobekilledeachother

94.Beforetheinventionofaero-planes,______intheskylikeabirdwasonlyadream.

a.menflyb.toflyc.forflyingd.manflys95.Atlasttheysucceeded______thejob.

a.topersuadehimtotakeb.inpersuadinghimtotakec.topersuadehimtakingd.inpersuadinghimtaking96.Allthatitdoesis______theplaceofahousewife.

a.takesb.takingc.taked.beingtaken

97.Helistenedtome______whatMr.Smithhadsaidthedaybefore.

a.torepeatb.toberepeatedc.torepeatingd.repeat98.Hecoulddolittleexcept______.

a.writingb.writec.writtend.towrite99.Theelectricshaver______beforeitcanbeused.

a.needsrepairingb.requirestorepair

b.shouldbeinrepaird.hastoberepairable

100.______aproblemrequiringmultiplicationordivision,thecomputersolvesitbyaddingorsubtracting.

a.Givingb.Havinggivenc.Beinggivend.Given

101.YoucanflytoLondonthisevening______youdon’tmindchangingplanesinParis.

a.providedb.exceptc.unlessd.sofaras102.Studentsfromthesouthprefer_______.

a.eatricethanbreadb.eatingricethanbreadc.eatingricetoeatingbreadd.eatingricetoeatbread103.Wouldyoube______tohelpmewithmyluggage?

a.enoughkindb.kindenoughc.tookindd.kindtoo

104.Thefatheradvise______thesecond-handcar.

a.hissontonotbuyb.hissonnottobuyc.hisson’snobuyingd.thathissonnottobuy105.“Doyouintendtocomewithus?”

“Yes,______.”

a.Iintendsob.Iintendthatc.Iintendtod.Iintend106.Ittakesawholeyearfortheearth______roundthesunonce.

a.travelingb.totravelc.traveledd.travels

107.Thefactory______nextyearwillbeoneofthelargestinthiscity.

a.tobuildb.tobebuiltc.beingbuiltd.havingbeenbuilt108.Withtheguide______theway,wesetoffonfootintothedarknight.

a.leadingb.ledc.leadsd.tolead

109.Theygotthework______beforetherainyseasonsetin.

a.todob.donec.doingd.did

110.Thingsareknown______whentheyunitewiththeoxygenoftheair.

a.burningb.toburnc.burnd.beingburning

111.Hewasthoroughlyashamed______somuchmoneyonsuchanuglypicture.

a.forspendingb.withspendingc.tohavespentd.ofhavingspent

112.______oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.

a.Tobefreeb.Freeingc.Tofreed.Freed

113.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper______inbroaddaylightyesterday.

a.toberobbedb.robbedc.tohavebeenrobbedd.havingbeenrobbed

114.Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,______inthetropicalforest,wouldfindhiswaythroughit.

a.tobedesertedb.havingdesertedc.tohavebeendesertedd.havingbeendeserted115.“WhereshouldIsendmyapplication?”

“ThePersonnelOfficeistheplace______.”

a.tosentitb.sentittoc.tosendittod.forsendingit

116.Thepublisherwillsendyouaspecimencopyoftheirnewbook______.

a.whenitwillberequestedb.whentheyarerequestedc.whenrequestedd.whenrequestit117.Romeisthecity______.

a.Irathermostliketovisitb.I’dmostliketovisitc.I’mrathertovisitmostd.I’dprefermosttovisit118.There______nofurtherbusiness,themeetingcametoastop.

a.beingb.wasc.beend.hadbeen

119.Pleaseremindme______someeggsforthecomingparty.

a.buyb.tobuyc.ofbuyingd.forbuying120.Don’tsayanythingatthemeetingunless______.

a.askingb.askedc.beingaskedd.tobeasked

121.Theradioannouncedthatallflights______havebeencancelledbecauseofthefog.

a.gooutb.goneoutc.goingoutd.willgoout

122.What’stheuse______extraleisuretimeifyoudon’tknowwhattodo?

a.haveb.tohavec.beinghaved.ofknowing

123.______mathematicalconceptsofsomestudentswasverydifficultbecausethestudentsdidnothaveamathbackground.

a.Explainb.Explainingc.Haveexplainedd.Havingexplained

124.AlthoughJohnwastheoldestinthefamily,healwayslethissister_____chargeofthehouse.

a.totakeb.takingc.taked.taken

125.Commercialbanksmakemostoftheirincomefrominterest______onloansandinvestmentinstocksandbonds.

a.earnb.earnedc.toearnd.wasearned

126.AmeliaEarhart,thefirstwoman______asoloflightacrosstheAtlanticOcean,wasbornin1898.

a.makesb.madec.makingd.tomake127.Itisimpossiblefortheplan______.

a.toputintopracticeb.nottoputintopractice

c.tobeputintopracticed.tobenotputintopractice128.______iswhatshewantstoknow.

a.Whotodoitb.Whomtodoitc.Whodoesitdod.Whomdoingit

129.Mywifesuggested______toScotlandforaholiday,butIfavor______Walesinstead.

a.togo…tovisitb.going…visiting

c.togo…visitingd.going…tovisit

130.Thereareseveral______leavesontheground.

a.fallingb.fallenc.tofalld.fell

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