高一英語(yǔ)必修一定語(yǔ)從句總結(jié)
定語(yǔ)從句
一、三個(gè)概念
1.定語(yǔ)從句:用來(lái)修飾某個(gè)名詞、代詞或整個(gè)句子的從句就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。
2.先行詞:定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞就叫做先行詞,它一般是由名詞、代詞或句子充當(dāng)。3.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞就叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞用以連接先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞既有替代先行詞的作用,又在從句中充當(dāng)著一個(gè)成分。例:Theboywhoissingingatthestageisonlynineyearsold.
先行詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句
Anyonethatiswillingtohelpothersiswelcometoourgroup.先行詞定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞
二、要點(diǎn)
1.先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間要有關(guān)系詞(有時(shí)可省略)2.關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)緊跟在先行詞之后3.關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某一成分
三、關(guān)系詞的用法
關(guān)系代詞:who/whom/that/which/whose
1.先行詞是人時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用who/whom/that.(1)who/that表主格:
Thegirlwho/thatisdrawingisJim’ssister.Themanwho/thatlivesnextdoorisfriendly.
(2)whom/that表賓格(who可用于口語(yǔ)中)可省略:Theboy(whom/that)wetalkedaboutwillcome.Heistheman(whom/that)wesawyesterday.2.先行詞為物時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用which/that.(1)which/that表主格:
Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.Marylikesmusicwhich/thatisquietandgentle.(2)which/that表賓格,可省略:
Thecar(which/that)heboughtwasasecond-handone.Thefilm(which/that)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.3.whose:表所有格,先行詞既可以是人,也可以是物Theworkerwhosearmwasbrokenwassenttohospital.Theriverwhosebanksarecoveredwithtreesisverylong.
關(guān)系副詞:when/where/why
關(guān)系副詞可替代的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞
why=forwhich
where=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)
1.when:指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例:Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.
IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetmyfavoritestar.2.where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例:Thisisthefactorywhereheworks.NanjingistheplacewhereIwasborn.
3.why指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例:Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.
Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?
注意:關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和“介詞+which“結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。
例:IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichImetmyfavoritestar.【when】
NanjingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.【where】
Isthisthereasonforwhichherefusedouroffer?【why】
四、關(guān)系代詞that的特殊用法
只用that的情況
1.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.
例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.2.
被修飾的先行詞為all,
any,
much,
many,
everything,
anything,none,theone等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?
3.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.
例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.
4.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.
例如:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.
5..以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.
例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?
6.主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如:ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.
7.先行詞在主句和從句中都作表語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用that.例如:Heisnotthemanthatheoncewas.8.先行詞是theway時(shí),只用that
不用that的情況
1.先行詞為that,those時(shí),用which,而不用that.例如:What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?
2.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如:Thisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他居住的房間。3.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.
五、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一:用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ),就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如:
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。
I"llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò))ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.
(錯(cuò))IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.(對(duì))Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.(對(duì))I"llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where,when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二:準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。
例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案:例1D,例2A。
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.
在句1中,所缺部分為賓語(yǔ),而where,that,onwhich都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用,只有theone既做了主句的表語(yǔ),又可做從句的賓語(yǔ),可以省略關(guān)系代詞,所以應(yīng)選D。
而句2中,主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn),既可用副詞where,又因inthemuseum詞組,可用介詞in+which引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中,介詞on用的不對(duì),所以選A。
關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),選擇關(guān)系代詞(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),why原因狀語(yǔ))。
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。但是限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整。
1.which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)說(shuō)明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分
2.當(dāng)先行詞是專(zhuān)有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí),其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的,例如:
CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.
3.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞,對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾,這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),例如:
HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.
4.有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞
5.在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,不能用關(guān)系副詞why和關(guān)系代詞that,而用who,whom代表人,用which,whose代表事物。
as,which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1.由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,as和which可代整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.
Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.2.as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思,且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn):
(1)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首,而which不可。
(2)as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為行為動(dòng)詞,則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。
(3)當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí),常用which。
Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.(4)as的用法例
thesameas;suchas中的as是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu),和一樣。Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).
例2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句,常帶有"正如"。
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ);
例2中,它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。
定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)
1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用that的幾種情況
2.關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是:
(1)As和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),代表前面整個(gè)句子。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.
(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句;which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如,正像”的意思Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.注意:當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí),常用which。Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.(3)當(dāng)先行詞受such,thesame修飾時(shí),常用as
Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
注意:當(dāng)先行詞由thesame修飾時(shí),偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同
SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.
Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.
注意:定語(yǔ)從句suchas與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句suchthat的區(qū)別:as在所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ);that在結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中不做成分HehassuchagoodlaptopasIwanttobuy.HehassuchagoodlaptopthatIwanttobyone.
3.以theway為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句通常由inwhich,that引導(dǎo),而且通?梢允÷。Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
4.but有時(shí)也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon’t)
5.區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句
(1)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞,它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系;同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容,是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系
TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定語(yǔ)從句
Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位語(yǔ)從句
(2)定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分,有時(shí)可以省略;同位語(yǔ)從句主要由that引導(dǎo),在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等詞引導(dǎo),充當(dāng)成分Thenewshetoldmeistrue.
Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.
Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定語(yǔ)
Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.
(3)同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞一般可以用be動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子,而定語(yǔ)從句不可以發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子,
Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.同位語(yǔ)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.
擴(kuò)展閱讀:高一英語(yǔ)必修一定語(yǔ)從句總結(jié)
定語(yǔ)從句
一、三個(gè)概念
1.定語(yǔ)從句:用來(lái)修飾某個(gè)名詞、代詞或整個(gè)句子的從句就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。
2.先行詞:定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞就叫做先行詞,它一般是由名詞、代詞或句子充當(dāng)。
3.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞就叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞用以連接先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞既有替代先行詞的作用,又在從句中充當(dāng)著一個(gè)成分。
例:Theboywhoissingingatthestageisonlynineyearsold.
先行詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句
Anyonethatiswillingtohelpothersiswelcometoourgroup.先行詞
定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系詞
二、要點(diǎn)
1.先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間要有關(guān)系詞(有時(shí)可省略)2.關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)緊跟在先行詞之后3.關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某一成分三、關(guān)系詞的用法
關(guān)系代詞:who/whom/that/which/whose1.先行詞是人時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用who/whom/that.(1)who/that表主格:
Thegirlwho/thatisdrawingisJim’ssister.Themanwho/thatlivesnextdoorisfriendly.(2)whom/that表賓格(who可用于口語(yǔ)中)可省略:Theboy(whom/that)wetalkedaboutwillcome.Heistheman(whom/that)wesawyesterday.2.先行詞為物時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用which/that.(1)which/that表主格:
Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.Marylikesmusicwhich/thatisquietandgentle.(2)which/that表賓格,可省略:
Thecar(which/that)heboughtwasasecond-handone.Thefilm(which/that)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.3.whose:表所有格,先行詞既可以是人,也可以是物Theworkerwhosearmwasbrokenwassenttohospital.Theriverwhosebanksarecoveredwithtreesisverylong.關(guān)系副詞:when/where/why
關(guān)系副詞可替代的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=forwhich
where=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)
1.when:指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例:Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.
IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetmyfavoritestar.2.where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例:Thisisthefactorywhereheworks.NanjingistheplacewhereIwasborn.
3.why指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例:Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?
注意:關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和“介詞+which“結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。
例:IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichImetmyfavoritestar.【when】
NanjingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.【where】Isthisthereasonforwhichherefusedouroffer?【why】四、關(guān)系代詞that的特殊用法只用that的情況
1.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.
2.被修飾的先行詞為all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.
例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?3.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.
4.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.
5..以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?
6.主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如:
ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.7.先行詞在主句和從句中都作表語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用that.例如:Heisnotthemanthatheoncewas.8.先行詞是theway時(shí),只用that
不用that的情況1.先行詞為that,those時(shí),用which,而不用that.例如:What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?
2.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如:Thisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他居住的房間。3.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.
五、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一:用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ),就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如:
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。
I"llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò))ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.(錯(cuò))IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.(對(duì))Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.(對(duì))I"llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where,when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二:準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone
例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone
答案:例1D,例2A。
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中,所缺部分為賓語(yǔ),而where,that,onwhich都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用,只有theone既做了主句的表語(yǔ),又可做從句的賓語(yǔ),可以省略關(guān)系代詞,所以應(yīng)選D。
而句2中,主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn),既可用副詞where,又因inthemuseum詞組,可用介詞in+which引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中,介詞on用的不對(duì),所以選A。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),選擇關(guān)系代詞(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),why原因狀語(yǔ))。
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。但是限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整。1.which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)說(shuō)明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分
2.當(dāng)先行詞是專(zhuān)有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí),其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的,例如:
CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.3.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞,對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾,這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),例如:
HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.
Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.4.有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞
5.在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,不能用關(guān)系副詞why和關(guān)系代詞that,而用who,whom代表人,用which,whose代表事物。
as,which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1.由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,as和which可代整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.
2.as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思,且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn):
(1)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首,而which不可。(2)as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為行為動(dòng)詞,則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。
(3)當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí),常用which。
Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.(4)as的用法例
thesameas;suchas中的as是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu),和一樣。
Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).例2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句,常帶有"正如"。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ);
例2中,它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。
定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)
1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用that的幾種情況
2.關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是:(1)As和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),代表前面整個(gè)句子。
Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.
(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句;which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如,正像”的意思Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.注意:當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí),常用which。Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.(3)當(dāng)先行詞受such,thesame修飾時(shí),常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
注意:當(dāng)先行詞由thesame修飾時(shí),偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同
SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.
注意:定語(yǔ)從句suchas與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句suchthat的區(qū)別:as在所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ);that在結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中不做成分
HehassuchagoodlaptopasIwanttobuy.HehassuchagoodlaptopthatIwanttobyone.
3.以theway為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句通常由inwhich,that引導(dǎo),而且通?梢允÷浴
Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
4.but有時(shí)也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon’t)
5.區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句
(1)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞,它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系;同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容,是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定語(yǔ)從句Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位語(yǔ)從句
(2)定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分,有時(shí)可以省略;同位語(yǔ)從句主要由that引導(dǎo),在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等詞引導(dǎo),充當(dāng)成分
Thenewshetoldmeistrue.Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.
Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定語(yǔ)
Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.(3)同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞一般可以用be動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子,而定語(yǔ)從句不可以發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子,
Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.同位語(yǔ)
Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.
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