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初一英語語法總結(jié)

網(wǎng)站:公文素材庫 | 時(shí)間:2019-05-28 01:36:52 | 移動(dòng)端:初一英語語法總結(jié)

初一英語語法總結(jié)

初一英語語法總結(jié)

一、詞法1、名詞A)、名詞的數(shù)

我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:

一)在后面加s。如:fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas二)x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如:boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es如:baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways

四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios,photos,但如是輔音加o的加es:如:tomatoes西紅柿,potatoes馬鈴薯五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves

六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察,class班,同學(xué),family家,家庭成員九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如:actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚fishes魚的種類,paper紙papers報(bào)紙,卷子,論文,work工作works作品,工廠,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光線lights燈,people人peoples民族,time時(shí)間times時(shí)代,次數(shù),chicken雞肉chickens小雞

十一)單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs,VCDs,SARs

十二)特殊形式的有:child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-EnglishmenB)名詞的格

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí),我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下:一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如:brother’s,Mike’s,teacher’s

二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers’Day教師節(jié),classmates’;Children’sDay六一節(jié),Women’sDay三八節(jié)三)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí),如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí),只加最后一個(gè)’s,但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:MikeandBen’sroom邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’sandBen’srooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)2、代詞項(xiàng)目人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞人稱主格賓格形容詞名詞性

第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)sheherherhersherself

hehimhishishimselfitititsitsthisthatitself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves3、動(dòng)詞A)第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s,如下:一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains二)在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如:watches,washes,wishes,finishes三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries

2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如:does,goes五)特殊的有:are-is,have-has

B)現(xiàn)在分詞

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí),動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下:一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing

二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having

三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如showshowing,draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning

四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于

4、形容詞的級(jí)

我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí),則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下:

一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如:

greater-greatest,shortershortest,tallertallest,longerlongest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest

二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外,如

few-fewerfewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er/est。如:big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest

三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happierhappiest,sorry-sorriersorriest,friendly-friendlierfriendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busierbusiest,easy-easiereasiest四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))

good/well-betterbestmany/much-moremostbad/illworseworst

little-lessleastold-older/elderoldest/eldestfar-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕,eth跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth

二、句式

1.陳述句肯定陳述句a)Thisisabook.(be動(dòng)詞)

b)Helooksveryyoung.(連系動(dòng)詞)c)Iwantasweatlikethis.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)

d)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e)There’sacomputeronmydesk.(Therebe結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句

a)Thesearen’ttheirbooks.b)Theydon’tlooknice.c)Katedoesn’tgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.

d)Katecan’tfindherdoll.e)Thereisn’tacathere.(=There’snocathere.)2.祈使句

肯定祈使句a)Pleasegoandasktheman.b)Let’slearnEnglish!c)Comein,please.

否定祈使句a)Don’tbelate.b)Don’thurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句a)IsJimastudent?b)CanIhelpyou?c)Doesshelikesalad?d)DotheywatchTV?e)Isshereading?

肯定回答:a)Yes,heis.b)Yes,youcan.c)Yes,shedoes.d)Yes,theydo.e)Yes,sheis.

否定回答:a)No,heisn’t.b)No,youcan’t.c)No,shedoesn’t.d)No,theydon’t.e)No,sheisn’t.

2)選擇疑問句Isthetablebigorsmall?回答It’sbig./It’ssmall.3)特殊疑問句

①問年齡HowoldisLucy?Sheistwelve.

②問種類Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies.

③問身體狀況Howisyouruncle?Heiswell/fine.④問方式Howdo/canyouspellit?L-doubleO-K.

Howdowecontactyou?Mye-mailaddressiscindyjones@163.com.⑤問原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?

⑥問時(shí)間What’sthetime?(=Whattimeisit?)It’saquartertotena.m..Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?Atfiveo’clock.Whendoyouwanttogo?Let’sgoat7:00.

⑦問地方Where’smybackpack?It’sunderthetable.

⑧問顏色Whatcolorarethey?Theyarelightblue.What’syourfavouritecolor?It’sblack.

⑨問人物Who’sthat?It’smysister.Whoistheboyinblue?Mybrother.Whoisn’tatschool?PeterandEmma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?

⑩問東西What’sthis/that(inEnglish)?It’sapencilcase.Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers.

11問姓名What’syouraunt’sname?HernameisHelen./She’sHelen.What’syourfirstname?Myfirstname’sBen.

What’syourfamilyname?Myfamilyname’sSmith.12問哪一個(gè)Whichdoyoulike?Ilikeoneinthebox.13問字母Whatletterisit?It’sbigD/smallf.

14問價(jià)格Howmucharethesepants?They’re15dollars.15問電話號(hào)碼What’syourphonenumber?It’s576-8349.16問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’shedoing?He’swatchingTV.17問職業(yè)(身份)Whatdoyoudo?I’mateacher.What’syourfather?He’sadoctor.

三、時(shí)態(tài)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),它有:Be動(dòng)詞:She’saworker.Issheaworker?Sheisn’taworker.

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?Ican’tplaythepiano.行為動(dòng)詞:Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes?Theydon’twanttoeatanytomatoes.

Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?Ginadoesn’thaveawatch.

2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)為sbbev-ingsth+其它.

I’mplayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?I’mnotplayingbaseball.Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?Nancyisn’twritingaletter.They’relisteningtothepopmusic.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?Theyaren’tlisteningtothepopmusic.

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