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初中英語語法總結一覽表

網(wǎng)站:公文素材庫 | 時間:2019-05-26 19:21:37 | 移動端:初中英語語法總結一覽表

初中英語語法總結一覽表

初中英語語法總結一覽表

語法項目構成用法表示經(jīng)常性的動作或狀態(tài)象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Hegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.Hewrotealetteryesterday.Istudiedhardlastyear.Areyougoingtoread?Heiscomingtomorrow.Tomiswritingnow.Theyarelyingonthebed.動詞用原形一般現(xiàn)在時三人稱單數(shù)-s/es動詞用過去時一般過去時Bewas/werebegoingto+V原一般將來時will/shall+V原Everyoftenalwayson天in一般-ses輔have----has月、季、節(jié)、年。音+y---ies/In1998一般/去e雙寫go-wentcome-came/輔+y結尾-do-didleave-left等iedGocomeleavestayfly等用進行表將來ago/justnow表過去某個、段時間內last/yesterday等動作及狀態(tài)在將來某個時間或某段時要做的事tomorrow/afternext/tonightin201*現(xiàn)在進行時be+doinglistenlooknow表此時此刻正進行的動allthetimeDon’t…作或狀態(tài)一般去e雙寫tiedielie+ing變ie為y加ing含糊的頻率現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+PP發(fā)生在過去影響在現(xiàn)在詞alreadyjustneverever現(xiàn)在完成進行have/hasbeen+doing的動作或狀態(tài)等was/were+doing.過去進行時多用于復合句中had+動過去分詞過去完成時多用于復合句中atthistimeyesterday表在過去某時間正在進lastSundayevening行的動作bythetime+過去時該動作發(fā)生在過去的過whenafterbefore去副分詞規(guī)則的同不規(guī)則的動詞的過去分Ihavebeenteachingfor8過去式是一樣詞需逐個記憶years.的Hehassleptfortwodays.一般去e雙寫tiedielie+ing變ie為y加ing規(guī)則的分詞構需要逐個記憶成與過去時一詳見不規(guī)則動詞表樣的HewasreadingatthattimelastFridayWehadlearnt201*wordsbytheendoflastyear.語法項目構成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethenextday.Sheisthetallinthetwo.HerunsfasterthanTom.Sheisthemostbeautifulinherclass.(最高級加the)would+V原形過去將來時多用賓語從句中比較級形式后--er前加more形容副詞名詞名詞比較用more最高級形式后-est前加most形容副詞名詞名詞比較用most過去看來將要發(fā)生的動Hesaidthathe…thenextday.作或狀態(tài)表示兩個人、物之間進行比較時than/much/alittlefar/inthetwo等一般/去e雙寫good/wellbetter/輔+y結尾-much/manymoreier一般/去e雙寫bad/ill/badly-worst/輔+y結尾-far-farther-farthestiest大于等于三個人、物之inthe+比較范圍間進行比較ofthe具體的數(shù)字動詞不定式作主語作賓語作賓補todo沒有人稱ToreadishelpfulforHewantstobuyaIhearhimsingyesterday和數(shù)的變化anybodynow.dictionary.Tomtoldmetoopenit.作表語作狀語作定語HisjobistoHe’llgotoseeadoctorHehasmuchhomeworktakecareoftomorrow.todoeveryday.children.狀語從句賓語從句定語從句主從復合句句子作狀語(時間地點原因條件讓步比較)句子作賓語(語序、時態(tài)、引導詞、客觀事實)句子作定語(修飾名詞或代詞的句子、注意先行詞)HewaswritingaletterwhenIcamein。HeaskedmeifIhadbeentoBeijingbefore.Isawthemanwhowasstealingmybikeyesterday主動結構與被動結構

主動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+謂語+賓語WespeakEnglish.動作執(zhí)行者+及物動詞+動作承受者主語謂語賓語被動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+bePP+by賓語Englishisspokenbyus動作承受者+bePP+by動作執(zhí)行者在被動語態(tài)中沒有可以省to的不定式賓改主謂語動詞bePP主by賓主動變被動,先找主、謂、賓,賓改主、主by賓,代詞變格要細心,謂語動詞bepp,時態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被PP是及物動詞的過去分詞加ed或不規(guī)則詳見表被動句的時態(tài)(be)隨主動句的時態(tài)(do)人稱和數(shù)應隨被動句的主語(am、is、are、was、were等)

擴展閱讀:初中英語語法總結一覽表

初中英語語法總結一覽表

★清華大學★英語系測試:為中學英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學英語教授50年研究成果

初中英語語法總結一覽表語法項目構成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Everyoftenalways一般-seshave----has動詞用原形一般現(xiàn)在三人稱單數(shù)-s表示經(jīng)常性的on天in月、季、節(jié)、輔音+時動作或狀態(tài)年。y---ies/esHegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.ago/justnow/In1998一般/去ego-wentcome-cameHewrotealetter動詞用過去時表過去某個、段一般過去last/yesterday等雙寫/輔+do-didleave-left等yesterday.Bewas/時間內動作及時y結尾-Istudiedhardlastwere狀態(tài)iedyear.begoingto+在將來某個時tomorrow/afterGocomeleavestayAreyougoingto一般將來V原間或next/tonightinfly等用進行表將來read?時will/shall+某段時要做的201*HeiscomingV原事tomorrow.一般去etiedielie表此時此刻正listenlooknowTomiswritingnow.現(xiàn)在進行變ie為y加ingTheyarelyingonbe+doing進行的動作或allthetimeDon’t…雙寫時+ing狀態(tài)thebed.語法項目構成現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進行用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句have/has分詞規(guī)則不規(guī)則的動詞的過Ihavebeenteaching發(fā)生在過去影含糊的頻率副+PP響在現(xiàn)在的動詞alreadyjustnever的同過去去分詞需逐個記憶for8years.have/hasever式是一樣Hehassleptfortwo作或狀態(tài)等been+doing的days.was/wereatthistimeyesterday一般去etiedielie表在過去某時.過去進行+doinglastSundayevening雙寫變ie為y加ingHewasreadingatthattime時多用于復合句間正在進行的+ing動作lastFriday中had+動過去bythetime+過去時規(guī)則的分需要逐個記憶Wehadlearnt201*過去完成分詞該動作發(fā)生在whenafterbefore詞構成與詳見不規(guī)則動詞表words時多用于復合句過去的過去過去時一bytheendoflast中樣的year.would+V原過去看來將要Hesaidthathe過去將來形Hesaidthathe…thewouldcomeherethe時多用賓語從句發(fā)生的動作或nextday.狀態(tài)nextday.中比較級形后--er前加表示兩個人、物一般/去egood/wellbetterSheisthetallinthe式more之間進行比較than/much/alittle雙寫/輔+much/manymoretwo.形容副詞名詞比較用時far/inthetwo等y結尾-Herunsfasterthan名詞moreierTom.最高級形后-est前加一般/去ebad/ill/badly-worstSheisthemost大于等于三個式mostinthe+比較范圍雙寫/輔+far-farther-farthestbeautiful人、物之間進行形容副詞名詞比較用ofthe具體的數(shù)字y結尾-inherclass.(最高級比較名詞mostiest加the)動詞不定作主語作賓語作賓補作表語作狀語作定語語法項目構成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句式ToreadisHewantstoIhearhimsingHisjobisHe’llgotoseeaHehasmuchtodo沒有helpfulforbuyayesterdaytotakedoctortomorrow.homework人稱和數(shù)anybodydictionary.Tomtoldmetoopencareoftodoeveryday.的變化now.it.children.狀語從句賓語從句定語從句句子作狀語(時間地點原因條句子作賓語(語序、時態(tài)、引導句子作定語(修飾名詞或代詞的句子、主從復合件讓步比較)詞、客觀事實)注意先行詞)句HewaswritingaletterwhenIHeaskedmeifIhadbeentoIsawthemanwhowasstealingmybikecamein。Beijingbefore.yesterday主動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+謂語+賓語主動變被動,先找主、謂、賓,賓改主、動作執(zhí)行者+及物動詞+WespeakEnglish.主by賓,代詞變格要細心,謂語動詞主動結構動作承受者主語謂語賓語bepp,時態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被與被動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+beEnglishisspokenbyusPP是及物動詞的過去分詞加ed或不被動結構PP+by賓語規(guī)則詳見表動作承受者+bePP+by動賓改主謂語動詞bePP主被動句的時態(tài)(be)隨主動句的時態(tài)(do)作執(zhí)行者by賓人稱和數(shù)應隨被動句的主語(am、is、在被動語態(tài)中沒有可以省toare、was、were等)的不定式

★清華大學★英語系測試:為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學英語教授50年研究成果

初二(上)英語第一單元評估試題一.英漢互譯:10%1.2.3.4.5.

準時_________6.howtospell良好的祝愿7.forexample不得不8.makeEnglishfun浪費食物9.not...anymore教師節(jié)10.Mother’sDay二.填寫所缺字母:5%1.2.3.

—James‖isag________name.

Thankyouforh________mewiththework.Thet_________muststopwhenthelightsarered.4.5.6.7.8.9.

Sheisaquietgirl.Shen_________talksmuch.I’ma________I’venoidea.TViss________fortelevision.

Youmuststandupw________theteachercallsyourname.Peopledon’tuseMr,MrsorMsb________theirfirstnames.Tomanypeople,them________ofanameisimportant.

10.InEngland,thefamilynamecomesl________.三.用所給詞的適當形式填空:10%1.2.3.4.5.

Annoftengoes________withhermotheronSundays.(shop)I’llcomehere________nexttime.(early)Listen!Mike________aChinesesong.(sing)

Weoftenhavegreatfun________onthefarm.(work)Thecolourofyourcoatis________frommine(difference)6.7.8.9.

Septemberisthe_________monthoftheyear.(nine)Sheoften________TVonFridayevening.(watch)Thetrain________atsixo’clock.(leave)Shelikes________inthemorning.(read)

10.Oneofthe________isMissGao.She________Englishverywell.(teach)四.選擇填空:25%1.

Welcome________home.

A.toB.backC.backtoD.backmy2.

Whatdoyoucall________?

A.forshortB.shortforC.forlongD.longfor3.

Mymotherwantsme________withher.

A.goshoppingB.togoshoppingC.togotoshopD.togotoshopping4.

Heiswriting—Goodluck________you‖onthecard.A.forB.atC.withD.to5.

LessonTwois_________ofthisbook.

A.asecondlessonB.lessonsecondC.thesecondlessonD.thelessonsecond6.

Thankfor________ussowell.

A.teachingB.teachC.toteachingD.toteach7.

I’mgoingtoShanghai________month.

A.lastB.innextC.inthisD.next8.

Theseareournewstudents________Idon’tknowmanyofthem.A.andB.butC.soD.because9.

Their________thirdclassbeginsat9:30.

A.theB./C.aD.this10.Canyougiveapieceofpaper_______me?A.toB.forC.withD./

11.Herearesomeflowers_________you_________ourbest________.

A.for,to,wishesB.for,with,wishesC.to,for,wishD.of,to,wish12.InEngland,thelastnameisthe_______.

A.givennameB.middlenameC.familynameD.fullname13.Wecan’tcall—ElizabethGreen‖_________ifshe’snotmarried(結婚).

A.MissElizabethB.MissGreenC.ElizabethD.Liz14.MrZhangasksme________himacall.

A.giveB.givingC.givesD.togive15.Ihave________totellyou.

A.importantsomethingB.importantnothingC.somethingimportantD.anythingimportant

16.Tomwithhistwofriends________goingshoppingtomorrowmorning.A.areB.isC.willD.can

17.Canyougiveusatalkabout________betweenChineseandEnglishnames?A.differentB,difference

C.thedifferentD.thedifference

18.---I’msorry.Yourpencilisbroken.---________.

A.GivememypenB.ThankyouC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Allright19.It’stoohottoday.Howabout________inthelake?

A.goforaswimB.haveaswimC.swimD.havingaswim20.Don’tdothat!It’sjust________.

A.awasteoftimeB.awastetimeC.wasteoftimeD.awasteoftimes21.Theman________oftengoestoworkonfoot.

A.callsTomB.callTomC.calledTomD.iscalled22.Philliptellsthemthat—ph‖________an—f‖.

A:soundlikeB.soundlikesC.soundslikesD.soundslike23.Iknowonly________aboutEnglishnames.

A.alittleB.littleC.lotD.alot24.---Isitgoingtoraintomorrow?--_________.

---That’stoobad!Idon’tliketherain.

A.IhopesoB.I’mafraidnotC.I’mafraidso25._________ofyoumustdoeyeexerciseseveryday.

A.EveryB.EveryoneC.Everyone五.完成對話,每空一詞:10%

A:Hi,areyounewhere?

B:Yes,I____1____.Whataboutyou?A:____2____,too.____3____areyoufrom?B:I’mfromCanada.What____4____you?A:Smallworld,I’mfrom____5____,too.D.I’mnotafraidD.Noone

B:Which____6____areyoufrom?A:I’mfromToronto.MynameisSandra.___7___you?B:MynameisThomas.Youcancallme____8____forshort.A:OK,Tom.

B:CanIcallyou____9____forshort?A:Sure,____10____problem.六.句型轉換:10%1.

CallmeJames,please.(否定句)Please________________meJames.2.

Tomhassomehomeworktodoeveryday.(一般疑問句)________Tom_______________homeworktodoeveryday?3.

Doesheswimintheriver?(改為現(xiàn)在進行時)________he________intheriver?4.HanMeiisgoingtobuyacardtomorrow.(劃線提問)________isshegoingto_________tomorrow?

5.TodayisWednesday.(劃線提問)________________istoday?

6.Hehastodohouseworkafterschool.(否定句)He________________todohouseworkafterschool.

7.TodaywearegoingtolearnLessonTwenty-one.(同義句)Wewilllearn________________________today.

8.Whynotcomewithus?(同義句)Why________you________withus?

9.Heisthinkinghowheisgoingtousethecomputer.(同義句)Heisthinking________________usethecomputer.

七.完形填空10%InChina,mostpeople’snameshave____1____parts,the____2____namesandthefamilynames.Onepersonmayhave____3____names.Forexample,whentheyareveryyoungand____4____home,theyusuallyhavenicknames.Atschooltheyusetheir____5____names.Ifsomeone____6____awriter,heorshehasapenname.Newyoungcouples(夫婦)becomevery____7____whentheynametheirchild.____8____thenameshavespecialmeanings.Someshowtheirparents’____9____.Girls’namesshowthattheirparentswantthemtobenice.Boys’namesareoftenuseful____10_____thecountry.

1.A.twoB.secondC.threeD.third2.A.familyB.givenC.middleD.full3.A.muchB.alotC.manyD.alittle4.A.inB.atC.ofD.with5.A.penB.givenC.fullD.family6.A.beB.isC.areD.was7.A.sadB.happyC.angryD.careful8.A.SomeB.BothC.OneD.Mostof9.A.headB.hopeC.ideaD.name10.A.toB.inC.aboutD.at八.閱讀理解:10%

Tomisalittleboy,andheisonlysevenyearsold.Heoftengoestotheparkandthefruitshophimself.Sometimeshismothertakeshimtothemuseum.

Onedayhegoestoacinema.Itisthefirsttimeforhimtodothat.Hebuysaticketandthengoesin.Butaftertwoorthreeminuteshecomesout,buysasecondticketandgoesinagain.Afterafewminuteshecomesoutagainandbuysathirdticket.Twoorthreeminuteslaterhecomesoutandasksforanotherticket.Thenthegirlintheticketofficeasksbeforegivinghimtheticket,—Whydoyoubuysomanytickets?Howmanyfriendsdoyoumeet?‖Tomanswers,—No.Ihavenofriendshere.Butabigboyalwaysstopsmeatthedoorandtears(撕)myticketintopieces.‖

1.Tomdoesn’tgoto________himself.A.theparkB.thefruitshopC.themuseumD.thecinema

2.Itis________timeforTomtogotothecinema.

A.thefirstB.thesecondC.thethirdD.thefourth3.HowmanyticketsdoesTombuyfromtheticketoffice?

A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four4.Whichofthefollowingsentencesistrue?

A.Tomgoestothecinemawithsomefriendsoneday.B.Tomgoestothecinemaforsometimes.

C.Tomthinksthebigboyletshiminafterhetearsthetickets.D.Tomdoesn’tunderstandwhatthebigboydoes.5.Thebigboyinthecinemais________.

A.ateacherB.aworkerC.afriendD.astudent九.書面表達:10%十.請你用英語給你的英語老師寫一張教師節(jié)的賀卡初二(上)英語第一單元評估試題答案一.英漢互譯:10%

1.ontime2.bestwishes3.haveto4.awasteoffood5.Teachers’Day6.如何拼寫7.例如8.使得英語有趣9.再也不10.母親節(jié)二.填寫所缺字母:5%

1.given2.helping3.traffic4.never5.afraid6.short7.when8.before9.meaning10.last三.用所給詞的適當形式填空:10%

1.shopping2.earlier3.issinging4.(in)working5.different6.ninth7.watches8.leaves9.reading10.teachers,teaches四.選擇填空:25%

1.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.A7.D8.C9.B10.A11.B12.C13.A14.D15.C16.B17.D18.C19.D20.A21.C22.D23.A24.C25.B五.完成對話,每空一詞:10%

1.am2.Me3.Where4.about5.Canada6.city7.And8.Tom9.Sandy10.no六.句型轉換:10%

1.don’tcall2.Does,haveany3.Is,swimming4.What,do5.Whatday6.doesn’thave7.thetwenty-firstlesson8.don’t,come9.how,to七.完形填空:10%

1.A2.B3.C4.B5.C6.B7.D8.D9.C10.A八.閱讀理解:10%

1.C2.A3.C4.D5.B九.書面表達:10%略

★清華大學★英語系測試:為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學英語教授50年研究成果

連詞專項訓練

1、Idon’tlikereadingwatchingTV.Whataboutyou?—Idon’tlikereadingallday,IlikewatchingTVplays.‖A.and,butB.and,andC.or,andD.or,but2、Youwon’tknowthevalue(價值)ofthehealthyouloseit.A.untilB.afterC.whenD.because3、WeboughtGrannyapresent,shedidn’tlikeit.A.butB.andC.orD.so4、Studyhard,youwillpasstheexam.

A.soB.forC.butD.and5、Putonmoreclothes,you’llcatchcold.

A.andB.forC.orD.but6、Myshoesarewornout,Ineednewones.A.soB.ifC.becauseD.and7、Heranfasthewontherace.

A.enough…toB.so…thatC.too…toD.both…and8、Heisonlytenmonths.Hecanreadwrite.

A.either…orB.neither…norC.both…andD.so…that9、ShesaidshemightcomeSaturdaySunday.

A.neither…norB.nither…orC.too…toD.so…that10、IfTomMikeasksfortheircar,tellhimtocometomorrow.A.orB.andC.withD.but

11、Itwasalreadyteno’clockwegottothemuseumthismorning.A.thatB.whenC.ifD.for12、It’salongtimewemetlast.

A.soB.afterC.sinceD.before13、Thatmathsproblemisdifficultnobodycandoit.A.too…toB.very…thatC.so…thatD.very…but14、I’llgiveherthemessageshecomesback.

A.sinceB.beforeC.untilD.assoonas

15、theteachercameintotheclassroom,manystudentsweretalkingtoeachother.A.WhileB.IfC.SinceD.When16、Peopleoftenmistakeusforeachotherwearetwins.

A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.after17、Couldyoutellmeinyourhometowninwinter?

A.ifitoftensnowedB.whetherdoesitoftensnowC.ifitoftensnowD.whetheritoftensnows

18、AreyousureMr.Liwillcometoyourbirthdayparty?A.ifB.thatC.forD.when19、LilyLucylikesinging.

A.Either…orB.Beither…nor…C.Both…andD.So…that20、Readthesentencesslowlywecanunderstandwhatyouread.A.sothatB.beforeC.untilD.because

【答案】:

一、

1、D6、A11、B16、C2、A7、B12、C17、D3、A8、B13、C18、B4、D9、B14、D19、C5、C10、A15、D20、A

★清華大學★英語系測試:為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學英語教授50年研究成果

初中英語語法總結一覽表語法項目構成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Hegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunch一般現(xiàn)在動詞用原形表示經(jīng)常性的Everyoftenalways一般-seshave----has三人稱單數(shù)-s動作或狀態(tài)on天in月、季、節(jié)、輔音+時/es年。y---ies語法項目構成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句athome.動詞用過去時表過去某個、段ago/justnow/In1998一般/去ego-wentcome-cameHewrotealetter一般過去Bewas/雙寫/輔+do-didleave-left等yesterday.時間內動作及l(fā)ast/yesterday等時y結尾-Istudiedhardlastwere狀態(tài)iedyear.begoingto+在將來某個時tomorrow/afterGocomeleavestayAreyougoingto一般將來V原間或next/tonightinfly等用進行表將來read?時will/shall+某段時要做的201*HeiscomingV原事tomorrow.一般去etiedielie表此時此刻正listenlooknowTomiswritingnow.現(xiàn)在進行be+doing進行的動作或allthetimeDon’t…雙寫變ie為y加ingTheyarelyingon時+ing狀態(tài)thebed.現(xiàn)在完成have/has含糊的頻率副分詞規(guī)則不規(guī)則的動詞的過Ihavebeenteaching發(fā)生在過去影時+PP詞alreadyjustnever的同過去去分詞需逐個記憶for8years.響在現(xiàn)在的動現(xiàn)在完成have/hasever式是一樣Hehassleptfortwo作或狀態(tài)等進行been+doing的days.was/were表在過去某時atthistimeyesterday一般去etiedielieHewasreadingat.過去進行+doinglastSundayevening雙寫變ie為y加ing間正在進行的thattime時多用于復合句動作+inglastFriday中had+動過去bythetime+過去時規(guī)則的分需要逐個記憶Wehadlearnt201*過去完成分詞該動作發(fā)生在whenafterbefore詞構成與詳見不規(guī)則動詞表words時過去的過去多用于復合句過去時一bytheendoflast語法項目構成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句中樣的year.would+V原過去看來將要Hesaidthathe過去將來形Hesaidthathe…thewouldcomeherethe時多用賓語從句發(fā)生的動作或nextday.狀態(tài)nextday.中比較級形后--er前加表示兩個人、物一般/去egood/wellbetterSheisthetallinthe式more之間進行比較than/much/alittle雙寫/輔+much/manymoretwo.形容副詞名詞比較用時far/inthetwo等y結尾-Herunsfasterthan名詞moreierTom.最高級形后-est前加一般/去ebad/ill/badly-worstSheisthemost大于等于三個式mostinthe+比較范圍雙寫/輔+far-farther-farthestbeautiful人、物之間進行形容副詞名詞比較用ofthe具體的數(shù)字y結尾-inherclass.(最高級比較名詞mostiest加the)動詞不定作主語作賓補作表語作狀語作賓語作定語式ToreadisIhearhimsingHisjobisHe’llgotoseeaHewantstoHehasmuchtodo沒有helpfulforyesterdaytotakedoctortomorrow.buyahomework人稱和數(shù)anybodyTomtoldmetoopencareofdictionary.todoeveryday.的變化now.it.children.狀語從句賓語從句定語從句句子作狀語(時間地點原因條句子作賓語(語序、時態(tài)、引導句子作定語(修飾名詞或代詞的句子、主從復合件讓步比較)詞、客觀事實)注意先行詞)句HewaswritingaletterwhenIHeaskedmeifIhadbeentoIsawthemanwhowasstealingmybikecamein。Beijingbefore.yesterday主動結構主動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+謂WespeakEnglish.主動變被動,先找主、謂、賓,賓改主、與語+賓語主語謂語賓語主by賓,代詞變格要細心,謂語動詞語法項目構成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句被動結構動作執(zhí)行者+及物動詞+Englishisspokenbyus動作承受者被動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+be賓改主謂語動詞bePP主PP+by賓語by賓動作承受者+bePP+by動作執(zhí)行者在被動語態(tài)中沒有可以省to的不定式簡要搜集了一些信息希望對大家有用

bepp,時態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被PP是及物動詞的過去分詞加ed或不規(guī)則詳見表被動句的時態(tài)(be)隨主動句的時態(tài)(do)人稱和數(shù)應隨被動句的主語(am、is、are、was、were等)★清華大學★英語系測試:為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學英語教授50年研究成果

初二英語上冊知識點(短語、句型)MODULE1、如有always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never,oncea....,every...用一般現(xiàn)在時,第一、二人稱復數(shù)后跟動詞原形,第三人稱單數(shù)后跟動詞加"s"/"es"。

2、如有now,look!,listen,atthemoment....用現(xiàn)在進行時,結構是be(am,is,are)+v-ing

3、如有tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,fromnowon,in+一段時間,someday,next....用一般將來時,結構:will+v原\\begoingto+v原(沒有動詞用be)

4、如有yesterday,......ago,last....justnow.....用一般過去時動詞加edgivesb.Sth.=givesth.tosb.給某人某物everyday每天,

writedown寫下,記下writeit(them)downeveryday每天的,日常的,howaboutdoingsth.=whataboutdoingsth.做....怎么樣eachother互相.thanksalot=thankyouverymuch非常謝謝

回答That"sallright.=You"rewelcome.=That"OK.=It"smypleasure.=Notatall.Whydon"tyou+V原...=whynot+...V原為什么不helpsb.withsth.在某方面幫助別人helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事withone"shelp=withthehelpofsb.在某人的幫助helponeselftosth.請自用食物watchsb.dosth.看到某人做了某事,(現(xiàn)在沒有做,做過)watchsb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事(正在做)see,hear類似

remembertodosth.想起記得要做某事,未做事rememberdoingsth.相起記得做過某事forgettodosth.忘記要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事welcomeback歡迎回來,newterm新學期thisterm這學期,nextterm下學學期,

lastterm上學期,giveyousomeadvice給你一些建議whynot為什么不,makeamistake=makemistakes犯錯誤correctspelling正確的拼寫,whatelse?=whatotherthings?還有什么

apieceofadvice一條建議,follow/takeone"sadvice采用別人的建議,sendsthtosb.=sendsb.sth.寄給某人sendfor派人去請/取sendup發(fā)射.allthetime一直

enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=haveagreattime=havefun,玩得愉快lotsof=alotof=many(可數(shù))\\much(不可數(shù))許多,,spend:sb.spendsometimeonsth.某人花費時間做某事

sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.某人花費時間做某事Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.某人花費錢買某物Sb.spendsomemoney(in)buyingsth.某人花費錢買某物Cost:sth.costsb.somemoney某物花去某人錢pay:sb.paysomemoneyforsth.某人支付錢

Take:Ittakes(took)sb.sometimetodosth.做某事花去某人時間askfor請求,要求,asksb.forsth.向某人要某物asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事apieceof一塊

enjoydoingsth喜歡做某事.finish,practise,mind,miss,consider,keep,continue,這些詞語后跟動名詞形式V-ing

placesth.in=putsth.in把某物放在…里面

else常修飾不定代詞,關系代詞或副詞,也可修飾all,much,little等,else要位于其后。所有格為else"s.takeadeepbreath深呼吸,catch\\holdone"sbreath屏住呼吸,outofbreath上氣不接下氣,wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事,

thenumberof…的數(shù)目,后跟名詞復數(shù),動詞用三單,anumberof=many,大量,許多后跟名詞復數(shù),動詞用復數(shù)形式。alargenumberof,asmallnumberof,

invitesb.todosth.邀請某人做某事find+it+adj+todosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣trytodosth.盡力做事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事

trynottodosth.盡力不做某事tryone"sbest盡某人最大的努力,agroupof一組,一群,borrowsthfromsb.從某人處借入某物,lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth.借給某人某物keep借一段時間practicedoingsth.,練習做做某事comefrom=befrom來自,lookfor尋找,lookafter=carefor=takecareof照顧lookup向上看,查閱,looklike看起來像,lookat看著,lookonsb.as把某人看作,

lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望,期待做某事lookover檢查,翻閱,lookout當心,向外看,lookthrough仔細查看,

bereadyfor=getreadyfor=preparefor為…,beready準備好,be(get)readytodosth.準備做某事,樂意做某事translate…into…將…譯成…,

takeamessage捎個信,leaveamessage留個信,begoodfor對…有好處,begoodat=dowellin擅長于…bepoorat=bebadat=dobadlyin=beweakin不擅長…Thinkof想起,thinkabout想出,thinkover仔細考慮,

else修飾不定代詞something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who,what,when,where時放后,

四說,1,speak說語言,2.say說內容,3,talk與誰說,4,tell告訴,講述,四看,1,watch觀看電視,比賽和表演,2,see看人,電影,醫(yī)生,風景,

3,read看書,報,4,look就看?磮鲭娪耙胹ee,讀書看報用read電視、戲劇、比賽,凡是表演用watch,observe細觀察,一時注意用notice.

make+賓語+補足語(形容詞)使某人某物怎么樣。.make+賓語+do讓某人做某事

make+賓語+過去分詞使某人被怎么樣;makefriendswithsb.與某人交朋友,hearof聽說,hearfrom收到某人的來信,

bebadfor對…有害,itis+adj.+ofsb+todosth.寫性格,品質kind,goodnice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。

Itis+adj+forsb+todosth.對物的評價difficult,easyhard,dangerous,important,等writeto…給…寫信,nextto在…旁邊,dosomeconcerts辦音樂會,speaktosb.和某人講話,sayhellotosb.給某人問好,saybyetosb.向某人說再見,showsb.aroundsomewhere帶某人參觀某地,learnsthfromsb.向某人學習

choosethecorrectanswers選擇正確答案,correctthemistakes改錯,match…with…把…和…搭配起來

建議:1.whydon"tyoudosth?=whynotdosth?2.Howaboutdoingsth?=whataboutdoingsth?3.Youshould/candosth.4.Remembertodosth.5.Don"tforgettodosth.6.canyoudosth?7.Let"sdosth.8.It"sagoodideatodo9.wouldyouliketodo?10.Shallwedo11.You"dbetter(not)dosth.回答:That"sagoodidea.Thanksalot.

Great,OK.That"sright.Allright.Goodidea.Sure.同類比較except,加for異類記心間。

He"scompositionisgood,exceptforsomespellingmistakes.

他的這篇作文寫得很好,只是有幾處拼寫錯誤。(非同類比較用exceptfor)

Shewasallaloneintheworldexceptforanoldaunt.除了有一個老姑媽,她別無親人。Annafeltdisappointedwhenshefoundouttheyhadgoneswimmingwithouther.(without=except)當安娜發(fā)現(xiàn)除她外,他們都去游泳了,她感到很失望。

LionHeadHillisnotworthseeingexceptforitsoldtemples.除了那些古寺以外,獅頭山?jīng)]什么可看的。Amongotherthings,weareinterestedindrawing.

我們對圖畫和別的一些東西很感興趣。(among之內即包括在內)原狀becauseof,owingto,dueto表語形容詞

例:Owingtoourjointefforts,thetaskwasfulfilledaheadofschedule.由于我們的共同努力,任務提前完成了。

注:Owingto和becauseof都做原因狀語,而dueto只能做表語形容詞。所以此句。原因狀語。

AIIourachievementsareduetothecorrectleadershipofourParty.

owingto的介詞短語做我們的一切成績都歸功于黨。(dueto做表語形容詞)Under后接修、建中,of,from物化分

例:Theroadisunderrepairnow.這條路正在修建中。

Thenowrailwayisstillunderconstruction.新鐵路尚在修筑中。(不能用in)underdiscussion在討論中(不能用in)underconsiderate在考慮中(不能用in)Thedeskismadeofwood.桌子是木頭做的。(物理變化用of)

Thewineismadefromgrape.這種酒是用葡萄釀造的。(化學變化用from)Thebridgeismadeofsteel.這座橋是鋼制的。(物理變化)Steelismadefromiron.鋼是由鐵煉成的。(化學變化)before,after表一點,ago,later表示一段

即before,after常表示一個點的時間狀語,而ago,later常表示一段的時間狀語。例如:前天thedaybeforeyesterday;前年theyearbeforelast;大上星期theweekbeforelast等等都表示點狀語的。

要想準確無誤地使用好before和ago,after和later比較困難,但要是以"點"和"段"來區(qū)別就容易得多。例:晚飯前beforesupper

解放前beforeliberation1970年前before1970文革前beforeculturalrevolution國慶前beforeNationalDay入大學前beforecomingtocollege

這些都是"點"狀語,因為1970年前即1970年1月1日前。國慶節(jié)即10月1日前。ago表示一段時間。例:一分鐘前aminuteago半小時前halfanhourago兩天前twodaysago一星期前aweekago五年前fiveyearsago

因為aminute,halfanhour,twodays,aweek,fiveyears等都表示一段時間,所以用等皆如此。

before可接完成時,ago過去級有限這時的before是連詞(也可做介詞)

例:Wehadscarcelyleftourschoolbeforeitbegantorain.我們剛離開學校,天就下雨了。(完成時)

IhadstudiedFrenchforfourmonthsbeforeIcamehere.我來這兒以前就已學了四個月法語了。(before接完成時)Hefellillthreedaysago.

ago。以及tendayslater他病了三天了。(ago則只能接動詞過去式,同時注意瞬間動詞的問題。)Helefttwomonthsago.兩個月前他離開了。(同上)Imetherafewminutesago.我在幾分鐘前碰到他了。(同上)Since以來during間,since時態(tài)多變換與之相比beside,除了lastbutone。

即beside的一般用法是"在…旁邊",但還有"和…相比"等特殊用法。

例:IfeltsoweakinspokenEnglishbesidethem.和他們相比,我感到我的口語太差。Besideworkandstudy,allelsewastrivial.同工作和學習比起來,其他一切都是小事。

除了lastbutone,即but多指"除了"的意思,也有"倒數(shù)第幾"的意思。lastbutone即不是最后一個。例:Ihaven"ttoldanybodybutone.除了我愛人,我誰也沒告訴。(除了)Whobutafoolwouldstudyforeignlanguagewellifheisahardworkingone.如果他勤奮好學的話,除了傻瓜誰都能學好外語。(除了)Lookatthelastpagebutone.請看倒數(shù)第2頁。

Hewasthelastbutthreeinmathsexaminationthistime.他這次數(shù)學考試成績倒數(shù)第四。Theyliveinthenexthousebutone.他們住在隔壁過去一家。復不定for、找,價,原,對,給,段,去,為,作,贊

復不定for,即用for引出的不定式復合結構,也就是for加名(代)加不定式;找,意為找到,提供;價,意為價格、工資;原,意為原因;段,意為時間或距離;去,意為去某地或開往某地;作,意為作為;贊,意為贊成(用于系表結構。)

例:Itishightimeforustostart.我們不該再遲延了。Themosturgentthingisforustogetthepreparationdone.最重要的事情是我們要把準備工作做好。

Idon"tthinkitadvisableforhimtostudymedicine.我想她學醫(yī)不適合。Yourparentsandrelativesareanxiousforyoutogotocollege.你的父母和親戚渴望你上大學。

Myhometownhaschangedtoomuchformetorecognize.我的家鄉(xiāng)變化太大,簡直認不出來了。以上例句都是for在不定式復合結構中的用法。

Someoneisaskingforyouonthetelephone.有人找你接電話。(找)You"dbetterwritetomeformoreinformationaboutit.如需更多這方面的資科和信息,你最好給我寫信。(提問,索要)

Theyworkedinthecompanyfor200yuanamonth.他們在這個公司干活,每月嫌200元。(價格)Howmuchdidyoupayforthesecond-handcolourTV?這臺用過的彩電你花了多少錢?(價格)Thankyouverymuchforyourcoming.謝謝您的光臨。(原因)Thankyouforyourwarmhospitality.謝謝您的熱情款待。(原因)Forgivemeforbeingtardy.請原諒我遲到了。(原因)I"mmuchobligedtoyoufortellingme.非常感謝你給我談了這個情況。(原因)Wehaveboundlessadmirationforyourstruggle.對你們的斗爭我們無限欽佩。(對)Listeningcomprehensionmaterialsaregoodfortrainingourminds.聽力材料對訓練我們的腦子根有好處。(對)

Takethebittermedicine.It"sgoodforyou.吃下這藥吧,對你有好處。(對)Thereisatelegramfor這有一份王先生的電報。(給)MayIuseitforaminute?我用一會兒好嗎?(一段時間)

Ifollowedthestealerforsomedistance.我跟蹤那個小偷一段路。(一段距離)TheshipwasforDalian.這破船開往大連。(去某地)

WeareoffforShanghaitomorrow.明天我們去上海。(去某地)

Themedicineisforreducingyourtemperature.這藥是退燒的。(為…目的)Afterbreakfast,I"llgoforastrollroundthetown.吃完飯我要在城里到處走走。(為…目的)

I"llkeepthelightergivenbyaforeignfriendforasouvenir.我要把外賓送給我的打火機作為紀念。(作為)

Itisonlymeantforajoke.這只是當笑話說說罷了。(作為)

Weareallforcuttingdownthecostofproduction.我們都贊成降低生產成本。(贊成)快到、對、向towards,工、學、軍、城、上、北、南

例:It"sgettingontowardstheendoftermnow.現(xiàn)在已快到學期未了。(快到)Towardsmidnightmyhusbandcameback.快到半夜了我的丈夫才回來。(快到)Ourteacherwasverylenienttowardsus.我們的老師對我們很松。(對)Whatyouhaveinventedisreallyabigcontributiontowardsourcompany.你所發(fā)明的對我們公司確實是一大貢獻。(對)

Theboycamerunningtowardshismother.那個男孩向他母親跑去。(向著)所謂工、學、軍、城、上、北、南,是說up和down的用法。這也是漢英翻譯時要注意的。例如:招工,上大學,參軍,進城,

上山,向北方等都屬于up。而相反的下鄉(xiāng),向南,落榜等都屬于down。"大軍南下,北上抗日"大概由此而來。butfor否定用虛擬,復合介詞待后言。butfor是"若不是"的意思。

例:ButforourgreatCommunistParty,wecouldneverhavetoday"shappiness.若沒有偉大的共產黨,我們決不會有今天的幸福生活。

Butforthischemicalthevapourinsidethesystemwouldnothavebeenabsorbedsocompletely.若沒有這個化學劑的作用,系統(tǒng)內的蒸汽不可能被吸收得這么徹底。butfor將在虛擬語氣中詳講。例:ingeneral一般說來inshort簡言之inotherwords換言之inmyopinion依我看insimplewords簡言之onthewhole基本上forinstance例如forshort簡稱afterall畢竟aboveall首先

此外考試中常出現(xiàn)的成語前置詞也須牢記其用法。byappearance從外表bytheaidof借…的幫助byfar…得多bycourseof…照…常例byreasonof由于byrequest應邀byrightof由于憑借outofdate過時

outofharmonywith與…不一致outofharmonywith擺脫困境outofbounds超出權限outofproportionto與…不相稱outofreach力量不及outofone"swits不知所措outofquestion沒問題outofthequestion不可能的toagreatextent很大程度上toone"staste合…胃口toone"sthinking據(jù)…看來toone"sheart"scontent盡情地totheutmost盡力behindschedule不準時behindthetimes過時的behindthecurtain在幕后withinreach能力所及withinahair"sbreadth差-點withinastone"sthrowof在附近beyonddescription無法形容beyondreason毫無道理beyondreproach無可指責

beyondone"sexpectation超出…范圍beyondexpression無法表達

ing型由于、鑒,除了,除外與包含。之后,關于,在…方面,有關介詞須記全。

最后,英語中v.-ing分詞轉化而成的特殊介詞,更須注意,根據(jù)其語法功能,把它們同現(xiàn)在分詞,動名詞和連同區(qū)分開來。即:

respecting由于,鑒于;considering由于,鑒于;excepting除了;concerning關于;exceptingfor除外;excluding除外;withoutexceptingsb.包含;including包括,包含;following在…之后;regarding關于;respecting在…方面;concerning有關;例:considering由于;

Consideringthattablesaltisthecommonestsourceofsodiuminfood,thedietusuallycallsforeatingsalt-freefoods.由于食鹽是鈉在食物中普遍的來源,醫(yī)生給病人規(guī)定的,飲食通常要求吃無鹽食品。respecting鑒于:

Respectingtheheavyrain,wehadtoputoffthematch.鑒于下大雨,我們不得不推遲了這場比賽。excepting除了:

excepting可單獨使用,可以與always或否定詞not連用,也可以與for,without之類介詞連用。Exceptingoneofhisclosefriends,theywerepresentattheparty.除了他的一個摯友外,他們都來赴宴了。

Heisanhonestman,exceptingforhisquicktemper.

他是個老實人,只是("除了"脾氣暴躁。(同類比較except,加for異類記心間)。Everybodyisinhighspirits,alwaysexceptinghim.大家都情緒高昂,唯他"除外"(例外)。Onlyafewsurvivorswithoutexceptinghimwerelivinginthesettlement.包括他在內,只有幾個幸存者住在新拓居地。including包含:

Thenewapartmentconsistsofthreeroomsincludingthekitchen.這套公寓有三間,包括廚房。

following在…之后:相當于afterTheweekfollowinghisfirstvisittothenewsroomhewasappointededitoroftheimportantcolumn.在拜訪該報社編輯部的"第二個"星期,他放任命為該報重要專欄的主筆。regarding關于:相當于aboutRegardingresearchinvestmentandnumberofresearchersengagedinthisfieldofresearch,theanoverwhelmingpositionfollowedbyJapan."關于"投入該領域研究的投資額和研究人員的數(shù)量,美國占壓倒優(yōu)勢,其次是日本。respecting在…方面:Respectingeducation,health,medicalcareaswellasproductionandlabortechnologicaldevelopmentwillhavetobeevaluatedwithduethoughtgiventosocialsystemsandhumanism."在"教育、衛(wèi)生、生產勞動"方面",評價技術的發(fā)展需根據(jù)社會制度和人道主義。concerning有關:

Thefollowingaresomeoftheargumentsbothprosandconsconcerningcomputers,thinking,andartificialintelligence.下面是"有關"計算機、思維和人工智能方面持贊成和反對態(tài)度的一些論據(jù)。

當然,這些ing型的介詞,在句子中也有分詞、動名詞和連詞的語法功能。excluding和including,表示排除與包含。

LastyearBritishsalestotheregionweremorethan$8billion,whileFrenchexports,excludingarmsbroughtinaround$3billion.去年,英國對這個地區(qū)的銷售額達80多億美元,而法國的出口額(武器除外)約為30億美元。

StressmaydepletevitaminCinyourbody,ascansmoking,drinkingandavarietyofdrugs,notexceptingaspirin.生活緊張會耗盡你體內的維生素C,正如吸煙、飲酒、服用某些藥物(包括阿斯匹林)一樣!锴迦A大學★英語系測試:為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學英語教授50年研究成果

style

名詞n.1.風格,作風[C][U]

2.文體;文風;語調[C][U]Theletteriswritteninaformalstyle.這封信以正式文體寫成。3.風度;體面,時髦[U]Thatgentlemanhasgreatstyle.那位先生很有風度。4.(衣服等的)流行款式[C][U]Herhatisoutofstyle.她的帽子過時了。

5.(商品等的)種類,型,式樣[C]You"llfindseveraldifferentstylesofarchitectureinthisstreet.在這條街上你會發(fā)現(xiàn)幾種不同類型的建筑。

及物動詞vt.1.稱呼;命名[O9]Hestyledhimself"MisterClean".他自稱是"清廉先生"。

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